All Faculty Deposits

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The "All Faculty Deposits" collection contains works deposited by faculty and appointed delegates from the Elements (EFARs) system. For help with Elements, see Frequently Asked Questions on the Provost's website. In general, items can only be deposited if the depositor owns the copyright, or the item is openly licensed or in the public domain, or the item is a scholarly article that is covered by Virginia Tech's open access policy, or the item is permitted to be posted online under the journal/publisher policy. See Right to Deposit on the VTechWorks Help page. If you have questions email us at vtechworks@vt.edu.

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Development of a lateral topographic weathering gradient in temperate forested podzols
Bower, Jennifer A.; Ross, Donald S.; Bailey, Scott W.; Pennino, Amanda M.; Jercinovic, Michael J.; McGuire, Kevin J.; Strahm, Brian D.; Schreiber, Madeline E. (Elsevier, 2023-11)
Mineral weathering is an important soil-forming process driven by the interplay of water, organisms, solution chemistry, and mineralogy. The influence of hillslope-scale patterns of water flux on mineral weathering in soils is still not well understood, particularly in humid postglacial soils, which commonly harbor abundant weatherable primary minerals. Previous work in these settings showed the importance of lateral hydrologic patterns to hillslope-scale pedogenesis. In this study, we hypothesized that there is a corresponding relationship between hydrologically driven pedogenesis and chemical weathering in podzols in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, USA. We tested this hypothesis by quantifying the depletion of plagioclase in the fine fraction (≤2 mm) of closely spaced, similar-age podzols along a gradient in topography and depth to bedrock that controls lateral water flow. Along this gradient, laterally developed podzols formed through frequent, episodic flushing by upslope groundwater, and vertically developed podzols formed through characteristic vertical infiltration. We estimated the depletion of plagioclase-bound elements within the upper mineral horizons of podzols using mass transfer coefficients (τ) and quantified plagioclase losses directly through electron microscopy and microprobe analysis. Elemental depletion was significantly more pronounced in the upslope lateral eluvial (E horizon-dominant) podzols relative to lateral illuvial (B horizon-dominant) and vertical (containing both E and B horizons) podzols downslope, with median Na losses of ∼74 %, ∼56 %, and ∼40 %, respectively. When comparing genetic E horizons, Na and Al were significantly more depleted in laterally developed podzols relative to vertically developed podzols. Microprobe analysis revealed that ∼74 % of the plagioclase was weathered from the mineral pool of lateral eluvial podzols, compared to ∼39 % and ∼23 % for lateral illuvial podzols and vertically developed podzols, respectively. Despite this intense weathering, plagioclase remains the second most abundant mineral in soil thin sections. These findings confirm that the concept of soil development as occurring vertically does not accurately characterize soils in topographically complex regions. Our work improves the current understanding of pedogenesis by identifying distinct, short-scale gradients in mineral weathering shaped by local patterns of hydrology and topography.
Instructional Designers as Organizational Change Agents
Bond, Mark Aaron; Lockee, Barbara B.; Blevins, Samantha (Educause, 2023-10-31)
Systems thinking and change strategies can be used to improve the overall functioning of a system. Because instructional designers typically use systems thinking to facilitate behavioral changes and improve institutional performance, they are uniquely positioned to be change agents at higher education institutions.
Inhaled Treprostinil in Pulmonary Hypertension Due to COPD: PERFECT study results
Nathan, Steven; Argula, Rahul; Trivieri, Maria; Aziz, Sameh; Gay, Elizabeth; Medarov, Boris; Parambi, Joseph; Raina, Amresh; Risbano, Michael; Thenappan, Thenappan (2023-12)
Introduction: Pulmonary hypertension accompanying chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PH-COPD) is associated with worse outcomes than COPD alone. There are currently no approved therapies to treat PH-COPD. The PERFECT study (NCT03496623) sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of inhaled treprostinil (iTRE) in this patient population. Methods: Patients with PH-COPD (mean pulmonary artery pressures ≥30 mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistances ≥4 Wood units) were enrolled in a multicentre, randomised (1:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week, crossover study. A contingent parallel design was also prespecified and implemented, based on a blinded interim analysis of missing data. Patients received treatment with iTRE up to 12 breaths (72 μg) 4 times daily or placebo. The primary efficacy end point was change in peak 6-minute walk distance (6MWD) at Week 12. Results: In total, 76 patients were randomised, 64 in the original crossover design and 12 in the contingent parallel design; 66 patients received iTRE and 58 received placebo. The study was terminated early at the recommendation of the Data and Safety Monitoring Committee based on the totality of evidence that iTRE increased the risk of serious adverse events and suggestive evidence of an increased risk of mortality. The change in 6MWD was numerically worse with iTRE exposure than with placebo exposure. Conclusions: The risk-benefit observations associated with iTRE in patients with PH-COPD did not support continuation of the PERFECT study. The results of this study do not support iTRE as a viable treatment option in patients with PH-COPD.
Occupational arm-support and back-support exoskeletons elicit changes in reactive balance after slip-like and trip-like perturbations on a treadmill
Dooley, Stephen; Kim, Sunwook; Nussbaum, Maury A.; Madigan, Michael L. (Elsevier, 2023-11-18)
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of arm- and back-support exoskeletons on reactive balance after slip-like and trip-like perturbations on a treadmill. Twenty-eight participants used two arm-support exoskeletons and two back-support exoskeletons with support (i.e., assistive joint torque) activated or deactivated. In each exoskeleton condition, as well in as a control without any exoskeleton, participants were exposed to 12 treadmill perturbations during upright standing. The exoskeletons did not significantly increase the probability of a failed recovery after the perturbations compared to wearing no exoskeleton, but did elicit effects on kinematic variables that suggested balance recovery was more challenging. Moreover, reactive balance differed when wearing back-support and arm-support exoskeletons, and when wearing an activated exoskeleton compared to a deactivated exoskeleton. Together, our results suggest these exoskeletons may increase the risk of slip- and trip-induced falls. The potential mechanisms of this increased risk are discussed and include the added mass and/or motion restrictions associated with wearing these exoskeletons. Our results do not support the assistive hip/back extension moment provided by back-support exoskeletons adversely affecting fall risk.
Endovascular treatment of a ruptured pure arterial malformation and associated dysplastic middle cerebral artery dissecting aneurysm: illustrative case
Marlow, Christine; Cuoco, Joshua A.; Ravina, Kristine; Sloboda, Cole A.; Entwistle, John J. (Journal of Neurosurgery Publishing Group, 2023-05-22)
BACKGROUND Pure arterial malformations are characterized as unique cerebrovascular lesions with a dilated, coil-like appearance and tortuous arteries without early venous drainage. Historically, these lesions have been described as incidental findings with a benign natural history. However, pure arterial malformations can rarely demonstrate radiographic progression and develop associated focal aneurysms with an unclear risk of rupture. Whether radiographic progression of these lesions or the presence of an associated aneurysm warrants treatment remains controversial. OBSERVATIONS A 58-year-old male presented with sudden-onset left hemiparesis. Computed tomography revealed a large, acute, right frontotemporoparietal intraparenchymal hemorrhage with underlying irregular curvilinear calcifications. Diagnostic cerebral angiography revealed a dysplastic right middle cerebral artery dissecting aneurysm along the M2 segment associated with a pure arterial malformation, which was treated with endovascular flow diversion in a delayed fashion. LESSONS Pure arterial malformations with associated focal aneurysms may not exhibit a benign natural history as once thought. Intervention should be considered for ruptured pure arterial malformations to mitigate the risk of rerupture. Asymptomatic patients with a pure arterial malformation with an associated aneurysm should at least be followed closely with interval radiographic imaging to evaluate for malformation progression or changes in aneurysmal morphology.
Co-occurrence of dural arteriovenous fistula and meningioma: A rare case and systematic review
Bhutada, Abhishek S.; Adhikari, Srijan; Cuoco, Joshua A.; In, Alexander; Entwistle, John J.; Witcher, Mark R. (Elsevier, 2023-07-01)
Background: The coexistence of meningioma and dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) is a rare, but highly complex condition. Various pathophysiological mechanisms underlie intracranial meningiomas with continuous or distant dAVFs. We describe a case of coexisting meningioma and dAVF with a systematic review of the literature. Result: Including the present case, there are 21 reported cases of coexisting intracranial dAVF and meningioma. The patients’ ages ranged from 23 to 76 years, with a mean age of 61 years. The most common presenting symptom was headache. The dAVFs were commonly located at the transverse-sigmoid sinus (43%) and superior sagittal sinus (24%). The most common meningioma locations were the tentorium and parietal convexity. In 76% of the cases, the meningioma occluded the sinus. The most common dAVF treatment was transcatheter arterial embolization, followed by tumor resection (52%). Among the 20 cases with available outcome data, 90% reported favorable outcomes. Conclusion: This report highlights some of the features of coexisting dAVF and meningioma and presents a systematic review of other reports on this phenomenon. Through an in-depth analysis of the literature, we highlight some of the leading theories regarding the causes of concomitant dAVF and meningiomas. Our report supports one of the leading theories that impaired venous return, whether through the occlusion of sinuses or sinus manipulation during surgery, plays a role in the development of dAVF. Further understanding may help guide future clinical decision-making and surgical planning.
Atazanavir Resensitizes Candida auris to Azoles
Elgammal, Yehia; Salama, Ehab A.; Seleem, Mohamed N. (American Society for Microbiology, 2023-05-17)
Candida auris represents an urgent health threat. Here, we identified atazanavir as a potent drug capable of resensitizing C. auris clinical isolates to the activity of azole antifungals. Atazanavir was able to significantly inhibit the efflux pumps, glucose transport, and ATP synthesis of all tested isolates of C. auris. In addition, the combination of itraconazole with atazanavir-ritonavir significantly reduced the burden of azole-resistant C. auris in murine kidneys by 1.3 log10 (95%), compared to itraconazole alone.
Colonization efficiency of multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a female mouse model
Kikiowo, Babatomiwa; Bandara, Aloka B.; Abutaleb, Nader S.; Seleem, Mohamed N. (Oxford University Press, 2023-10-18)
The rapid occurrence of gonococcal resistance to all classes of antibiotics could lead to untreatable gonorrhea. Thus, development of novel anti-Neisseria gonorrhoeae drugs is urgently needed. Neisseria gonorrhoeae FA1090 is the most used in gonococcal infection mouse models because of its natural resistance to streptomycin. Streptomycin inhibits the urogenital commensal flora that permits gonococcal colonization. However, this strain is drug-susceptible and cannot be used to investigate the efficacy of novel agents against multidrug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae. Hence, to test the in vivo efficacy of new therapeutics against N. gonorrhoeae resistant to the frontline antibiotics, azithromycin, or ceftriaxone, we constructed streptomycin-resistant mutants of N. gonorrhoeae CDC-181 (azithromycin-resistant) and WHO-X (ceftriaxone-resistant). We identified the inoculum size needed to successfully colonize mice. Both mutants, CDC-181-rpsLA128G and WHO-X-rpsLA128G, colonized the genital tract of mice for 14 days with 100% colonization observed for at least 7 days. CDC-181-rpsLA128G demonstrated better colonization of the murine genital tract compared to WHO-X-rpsLA128G. Lower inoculum of WHO-X-rpsLA128G (105 and 106 CFU) colonized mice better than higher inoculum. Overall, our results indicate that CDC-181-rpsLA128G and WHO-X-rpsLA128G can colonize the lower genital tract of mice and are suitable to be used in mouse models to investigate the efficacy of antigonococcal agents.
Lopinavir and ritonavir act synergistically with azoles against Candida auris in vitro and in a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis
Salama, Ehab A.; Eldesouky, Hassan E.; Elgammal, Yehia; Abutaleb, Nader S.; Seleem, Mohamed N. (Elsevier, 2023-09)
Introduction and Objectives: The emergence of Candida auris has created a global health challenge. Azole antifungals are the most affected antifungal class because of the extraordinary capability of C. auris to develop resistance against these drugs. Here, we used a combinatorial therapeutic approach to sensitize C. auris to azole antifungals. Methods and Results: We have demonstrated the capability of the HIV protease inhibitors lopinavir and ritonavir, at clinically relevant concentrations, to be used with azole antifungals to treat C. auris infections both in vitro and in vivo. Both lopinavir and ritonavir exhibited potent synergistic interactions with the azole antifungals, particularly with itraconazole against 24/24 (100%) and 31/34 (91%) of tested C. auris isolates, respectively. Furthermore, ritonavir significantly interfered with the fungal efflux pump, resulting in a significant increase in Nile red fluorescence by 44%. In a mouse model of C. auris systemic infection, ritonavir boosted the activity of lopinavir to work synergistically with fluconazole and itraconazole and significantly reduced the kidney fungal burden by a 1.2 log (∼94%) and 1.6 log (∼97%) CFU, respectively. Conclusion: Our results urge further comprehensive assessment of azoles and HIV protease inhibitors as a novel drug regimen for the treatment of serious invasive C. auris infections.
Probiotics: insights and new opportunities for Clostridioides difficile intervention
Pal, Rusha; Athamneh, Ahmad I. M.; Deshpande, Riddhi; Ramirez, Jose A. R.; Adu, Kayode T.; Muthuirulan, Pushpanathan; Pawar, Shrikant; Biazzo, Manuele; Apidianakis, Yiorgos; Sundekilde, Ulrik Kraemer; de la Fuente-Nunez, Cesar; Martens, Mark G.; Tegos, George P.; Seleem, Mohamed N. (Taylor & Francis, 2022-05-15)
Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a life-threatening disease caused by the Gram-positive, opportunistic intestinal pathogen C. difficile. Despite the availability of antimicrobial drugs to treat CDI, such as vancomycin, metronidazole, and fidaxomicin, recurrence of infection remains a significant clinical challenge. The use of live commensal microorganisms, or probiotics, is one of the most investigated non-antibiotic therapeutic options to balance gastrointestinal (GI) microbiota and subsequently tackle dysbiosis. In this review, we will discuss major commensal probiotic strains that have the potential to prevent and/or treat CDI and its recurrence, reassess the efficacy of probiotics supplementation as a CDI intervention, delve into lessons learned from probiotic modulation of the immune system, explore avenues like genome-scale metabolic network reconstructions, genome sequencing, and multi-omics to identify novel strains and understand their functionality, and discuss the current regulatory framework, challenges, and future directions.
Graduate Students as Leaders and Followers: Effective Practices for Mentoring and Being Mentored
Kaufman, Eric K.; Richardson, Sydney D.; Stedman, Nicole L. P. (Wiley, 2023-11-27)
Graduate student development depends heavily upon effective mentoring. The ideal outcome is a scholar and/or professional who can work independently, not simply following in the footsteps and example of their mentor(s). In many instances, the developmental process requires the graduate student to be a mentor to others, whether that be for less experienced scholars (e.g., undergraduate students) or in a reverse mentoring role (e.g., guiding their faculty advisor). Effective mentoring is particularly challenging when the relationship is mediated through virtual engagement, which is the case for many online degree programs. The current article illuminates important considerations and strategies for success when facing these challenges. Particular attention is given to the openness framework, which highlights the importance of being open to change, feedback, action, and accountability.
The Road to Ultra Reliability in Future Networks
DaSilva, Luiz A.; Kibilda, Jacek; Gomes, Andre (2023-11-14)
CCI xG Testbed: Enabling End-to-End ORAN and CBRS Experimentation
DaSilva, Luiz A. (2023-11-14)
Towards Estimating the Stiffness of Soft Fruits using a Piezoresistive Tactile Sensor and Neural Network Schemes
Erukainure, Frank Efe; Parque, Victor; Hassan, Mohsen A.; FathElbab, Ahmed M. R. (IEEE, 2022)
Measuring the ripeness of fruits is one of the key challenges to enable optimal and just-in-time strategies across the fruit supply chain. In this paper, we study the performance of a tactile sensor to estimate the ground truth of the stiffness of fruits, with kiwifruit as a case study. Our sensor configuration is based on a three-beam cantilever arrangement with piezoresistive elements, enabling the stable acquisition of sensor readings over independent trials. Our estimation scheme is based on the com-pact feed-forward neural networks, allowing us to find effective nonlinear relationships between instantaneous sensor readings and the ground truth of stiffness of fruits. Our experiments using several kiwifruit specimens show the competitive performance frontiers of stiffness approximation using 25 compact feed-forward neural networks, converging to MSE loss at 10-5 across training-validation-testing in most of the cases, and the utmost predictive performance of a pyramidal class of feed-forward architectures. Our results pinpoint the potential to realize robust fruit ripeness measurement with intelligent tactile sensors.
Design and experimental testing of a tactile sensor for self-compensation of contact error in soft tissue stiffness measurement
Erukainure, Frank Efe; Parque, Victor; Hassan, Mohsen A.; FathEl-Bab, Ahmed M. R. (Korean Society for Mechanical Engineers, 2022-10)
The measurement of viscoelastic properties of soft tissues has become a research interest with applications in the stiffness estimation of soft tissues, sorting and quality control of postharvest fruit, and fruit ripeness estimation. This paper presents a tactile sensor configuration to estimate the stiffness properties of soft tissues, using fruit as case study. Previous stiffness-measuring tactile sensor models suffer from unstable and infinite sensor outputs due to irregularities and inclination angles of soft tissue surfaces. The proposed configuration introduces two low stiffness springs at the extreme ends of the sensor with one high stiffness spring in-between. This study also presents a closed form mathematical model that considers the maximum inclination angle of the tissue’s (fruit) surface, and a finite element analysis to verify the mathematical model, which yielded stable sensor outputs. A prototype of the proposed configuration was fabricated and tested on kiwifruit samples. The experimental tests revealed that the sensor’s output remained stable, finite, and independent on both the inclination angle of the fruit surface and applied displacement of the sensor. The sensor distinguished between kiwifruit at various stiffness and ripeness levels with an output error ranging between 0.18 % and 3.50 %, and a maximum accuracy of 99.81 %, which is reasonable and competitive compared to previous design concepts.
Estimating the stiffness of kiwifruit based on the fusion of instantaneous tactile sensor data and machine learning schemes
Erukainure, Frank Efe; Parque, Victor; Hassan, M. A.; FathEl-Bab, Ahmed M. R. (Elsevier, 2022-10)
Measuring the ripeness of fruits is one of the critical factors in achieving real-time quality control and sorting of fruit by growers and postharvest managers. However, recent tactile sensing approaches for fruit ripeness detection have suffered setbacks due to: (1) the nonlinear relationship between the sensor output and the true stiffness of fruits; and (2) the angle of contact, referred to as the inclination angle, between the sensor and the outer surface of the fruit. In this paper, we propose a non-destructive tactile sensing approach for estimating the stiffness of fruits, using kiwifruit as a case study. Our sensor configuration is based on a three-probe piezoresistive cantilever beam, allowing us to obtain relatively stable sensor outputs that are independent of the inclination angle of the fruit surface. Our stiffness estimation approach is based on the combination of instantaneous sensor outputs with 63 regression-based machine learning models comprising of neural networks, Gaussian process, support vector machines, and decision trees. For experiments, we used several kiwifruit samples at diverse ripeness levels. The extracted sensor data was used to train the learning models over a 10-fold cross-validation technique, allowing us to find the nonlinear relationships between the instantaneous sensor outputs and the ground truth stiffness of the fruit. Our pairwise statistical comparison by the Wilcoxon test at 5% significance revealed the competitive performance frontiers of our approach for stiffness prediction; the Gaussian process kernel functions and the binary trees outperformed other models at a mean squared error (MSE) of 1.0 and 2×10−23, respectively. Most neural network models achieved competitive learning performance at MSE less than 10−5 and the utmost performance being a pyramidal class of feed-forward neural architectures. The results portray the potential of achieving accurate ripeness estimation of fruit using intelligent tactile sensors with fast machine learning schemes across the supply chain.
Digitalization and network capability as enablers of business model innovation and sustainability performance: The moderating effect of environmental dynamism
Li, Ying; Cui, Li; Wu, Lin; Lowry, Paul Benjamin; Kumar, Ajay; Tan, Kim Hua (2023)
In the face of relentless global competition and regulatory pressures, the imperative for firms to digitally transform has become critical. This is particularly salient for Chinese manufacturing firms as they strive for sustainability, a multidimensional construct comprising both economic and environmental performance. Leveraging dynamic capabilities theory, this study aims to unravel the intricate interplay between digitalization, network capability, business model innovation (BMI), and environmental dynamism in shaping a firm’s sustainability performance. Our research is driven by a compelling question: How do digitalization and network capabilities impact firms’ sustainability performance, and what roles do BMI and environmental dynamism play in this relationship? To answer this question, we employed a robust survey-based methodology encompassing 1,600 Chinese manufacturing firms, yielding 255 completed and validated responses. The findings reveal that network capability mediates the influence of digitalization on two types of BMI—novelty-centered and efficiency-centered. Further, these forms of BMI act as mediators between digitalization and network capability, and the two dimensions of sustainability: economic and environmental performance. Notably, environmental dynamism serves as a double-edged sword. It negatively moderates the impact of digitalization on efficiency-centered BMI, but positively moderates the influence of network capability on the same. Our study offers nuanced theoretical and practical implications. It extends dynamic capabilities theory by elucidating how digital and network capabilities can be leveraged for sustainable outcomes via business model innovation. Moreover, the research provides managerial insights, particularly for Chinese manufacturing firms, on navigating the complex landscape of digital transformation toward sustainability. Considering these insights, we recommend that firms prioritize network capabilities and strategically innovate their business models to harness the full potential of digital transformation. Simultaneously, organizations should be cognizant of the environmental dynamism within which they operate, as it can both hinder and enable their journey toward sustainability.
Partisan Media Sentiment Toward Artificial Intelligence
Yi, Angela; Goenka, Shreyans; Pandelaere, Mario (Sage, 2023-09)
Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming pervasive across society. However, its deployment appears to be a divisive issue. This research examines aversion to AI across the partisan divide. We analyze partisan media sentiment toward AI, a powerful driver of public opinion toward social issues. We conduct a text analysis of media articles on AI (N = 7,840) from several liberal-leaning and conservative-leaning media outlets. The results demonstrate that liberal-leaning media show a greater aversion to AI than conservative-leaning media. Furthermore, a mediation analysis suggests that liberal-leaning media are more concerned with AI magnifying social biases in society than conservative-leaning media, which drives the partisan media differences. Moreover, the results also show that media sentiment toward AI became more negative after George Floyd’s death, an event that heightened sensitivity about social biases in society. Implications for how these partisan media differences can polarize public opinion and policymaker support toward AI are discussed.
Review—Prospects in Cancer Diagnosis: Exosome-Chip for Liquid Biopsy
Khondakar, Kamil Reza; Ataei Kachouei, Matin; Erukainure, Frank Efe; Ali, Md Azahar (The Electrochemical Society, 2023-12-01)
A liquid biopsy combined with an exosome-chip (EC) is an important detection tool for early cancer diagnosis. Exosomes have a crucial function in the exchange of information between cells and are present in biological fluids. ECs are miniaturized microfluidic devices designed to isolate, capture, and analyze exosomes for analysis of patient samples. Such devices offer on-chip detection, high-throughput analysis, and multiplex measurements. Further, these chips can integrate with electrochemical and optical detectors, and mass spectrometry enabling comprehensive studies of diseases. This review will cover the outlook on chip-based diagnostics for liquid biopsy, detection, and isolation of exosomes to support cancer diagnostics.
Proposing the dual-process model to better explain self-disclosure on online social networking sites
Zhang, Shanshang; Huang, Fengchun; Yu, Lingling; Wang, Jeremy; Lowry, Paul Benjamin (2023-11)
Purpose – Researchers continue to address the concept of self-disclosure because it is foundational for helping social networking sites (SNS) function and thrive. Nevertheless, our literature review indicates that uncertainty remains around the underlying mechanisms and factors involved in the self-disclosure process. The purpose of this research is to better understand the self-disclosure process from the lens of dual-process theory (DPT). We consider both the controlled factors (i.e., self-presentation and reciprocity) and an automatic factor (i.e., social influence to use an SNS) involved in self-disclosure and broaden our proposed model to include the interactive facets of enjoyment. Design/methodology/approach – The proposed model was empirically validated by conducting a survey among users of WeChat Moments in China. Findings – As hypothesized, this research confirms that enjoyment and automatic processing (i.e., social influence to use an SNS) are complementary in the SNS self-disclosure process, and enjoyment negatively moderates the positive relationship between controlled factor (i.e., self-presentation) and self-disclosure. Originality/value – Theoretically, this study offers a new perspective in explaining the SNS self-disclosure by adopting DPT. Specifically, this study contributes to the extant SNS research by applying DPT to examine how the controlled factors and the automatic factor shape self-disclosure processes, and how enjoyment influences vary across these processes—enriching knowledge about SNS self-disclosure behaviors. Practically, we provide important design guidelines to practitioners concerning devising mechanisms to foster more automatic-enjoyable value-added functions to improve SNS users’ participation and engagement.

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