All Faculty Deposits

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The "All Faculty Deposits" collection contains works deposited by faculty and appointed delegates from the Elements (EFARs) system. For help with Elements, see Frequently Asked Questions on the Provost's website. In general, items can only be deposited if the item is a scholarly article that is covered by Virginia Tech's open access policy, or the item is openly licensed or in the public domain, or the item is permitted to be posted online under the journal/publisher policy, or the depositor owns the copyright. See Right to Deposit on the VTechWorks Help page. If you have questions email us at vtechworks@vt.edu.

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Clinical Outcomes in Chronic Conditions: Findings from a Homeopathy Teaching Clinic using the MYCaW Instrument
Gray, Alastair C.; Luketic, Christine D.; Pracjek, Parker; Straiges, Denise (Thieme Medical, 2024-11-01)
Background The Academy of Homeopathy Education is a US-based accredited teaching institution offering homeopathy education services to professional and medically licensed homeopathy students. This study reports on clinical outcomes from the teaching clinic from 2020 to 2021. Methods Data collected using the patient-generated outcome measure, the Measure Yourself Concerns and Wellbeing (MYCaW), were anonymized. Mean MYCaW values for initial and subsequent consultations were analyzed for the degree of change across the intervention period in 38 clients. Each client listed up to two complaints. MYCaW scores between initial and subsequent consultations were analyzed for the degree of change (delta) across the intervention period. Results A total of 95 body system-related symptoms were analyzed for change in intensity following the homeopathic intervention. Statistically significant improvements in the intensity of main symptoms were observed between initial and subsequent follow-ups. The main symptom scores showed a mean change in intensity (delta MYCaW) of -0.79 points (95% confidence interval (CI), -1.29 to -0.29; p = 0.003) at first follow-up, a mean change of -1.67 points (95% CI, -2.34 to -0.99; p = 0.001) at second follow-up compared with the initial visit, and a mean change of -1.93 points (95% CI, -3.0 to -0.86; p = 0.008) at third follow-up compared with the initial visit. For clients with four or more follow-ups, the mean delta MYCaW was -1.57 points (95% CI, -2.86 to -0.28; p = 0.039). Conclusion Statistically significant improvements as well as some clinically meaningful changes in symptom intensity were found across a diverse group of individuals with a variety of long-term chronic conditions. The improvement was evident across different body systems and different levels of chronicity. There are limitations to the generalizability of the study due to the research design. Further research and investigation are warranted given the promising results of this work.
Species introductions shift seed dispersal potential more than extinctions across 120 island plant–frugivore communities
Heinen, Julia H.; Drake, Donald R.; McConkey, Kim; Hume, Julian P.; Albert, Sébastien; Ando, Haruko; Baider, Cláudia; Bellingham, Peter J.; Case, Samuel B.; Chimera, Charles G.; Florens, F. B. Vincent; Fricke, Evan C.; Gawel, Ann Marie; González-Castro, Aaron; Heleno, Ruben; Hervias-Parejo, Sandra; Hruska, Amy; Imada, Clyde T.; de Lima, Ricardo F.; Nogales, Manuel; Rogers, Haldre S.; Rumeu, Beatriz; Strasberg, Dominique; Traveset, Anna; Valido, Alfredo; Watanabe, Kenta; Wotton, Debra; Yoshikawa, Tetsuro; Rahbek, Carsten; Borregaard, Michael K. (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2025-10-01)
Oceanic islands are hotspots of both species extinctions and introductions, which led to marked changes in species composition. This may disrupt key ecological interactions, such as animal-mediated seed dispersal, with potential long-term impacts on ecosystem structure and functioning. While some recent studies on individual taxa and islands report functional shifts, there has been no globally comprehensive study of how these changes vary in intensity and direction across islands. Importantly, it remains unclear how changes in traits of animal communities actually translate to ecologically relevant mismatches with native plant species. We report widespread functional remodeling of frugivore communities based on frugivory-specific traits of all native, extinct, and introduced vertebrate frugivores (birds, mammals, reptiles) from 120 islands in 22 archipelagos. There is a trend for taxonomic and functional substitution, mainly of nonvolant terrestrial mammalian omnivores replacing large-gaped flying frugivores, which caused a mismatch between gape size and seed size. This shift in seed dispersal potential risks underestimation in single-taxon studies. Overall, vertebrate introductions outnumbered extinctions both in terms of species (44 vs. 23%) and islands affected (92 vs. 76%). Moreover, introductions have driven stronger shifts in frugivore trait space compared to extinctions. However, the general patterns are modulated by substantial spatial variation and idiosyncratic functional shifts within frugivore communities on some islands. This, coupled with differences in plant seed size distributions, leads to variability in realized functional mismatches among islands. These results emphasize challenges with predicting functional responses to anthropogenic activities, while highlighting that remodeling of ecosystem interactions is a global concern.
Overconsumption gravely threatens water security in the binational Rio Grande-Bravo basin
Richter, Brian D.; Abdelmohsen, Karem; Dhakal, Sameer; Famiglietti, James S.; Fowler, Kat F.; Green, Henry; Marston, Landon T.; Mekonnen, Mesfin M.; Prunes, Enrique; Rohde, Melissa M.; Ruddell, Benjamin L.; Rushforth, Richard R.; Shahbol, Natalie; Sjöstedt, Eric C.; Sandoval-Solis, Samuel (Springer, 2025-11-20)
The Rio Grande-Bravo basin shared by the United States and Mexico is experiencing a severe water crisis demanding urgent attention. In recent decades, water storage reservoirs, aquifers, and annual streamflow volumes have been substantially depleted, leaving little buffer for continued over-consumption of renewable water supplies. Despite the great scarcity of water and intensifying water shortages in this basin, a full accounting of the river’s consumptive uses and losses has never been undertaken. In this study we assemble detailed water consumption estimates from a broad array of sources to describe how surface and ground water were consumed for both direct uses (agricultural, municipal, commercial, thermoelectric power generation) and indirect uses (reservoir evaporation and riparian evapotranspiration) in each of 14 sub-basins during recent decades. We estimate that only half (48%) of water directly consumed for anthropogenic purposes is supported by renewable replenishment; the other half (52%) has been unsustainable, meaning that it is causing depletion of reservoirs, aquifers, and river flows. The over-consumption of renewable water supplies is primarily due to irrigated agriculture, which accounts for 87% of direct water consumption in the basin. At the same time, water shortages have contributed to the loss of 18% of farmland in the river’s headwaters in Colorado, 36% along the Rio Grande in New Mexico, and 49% in the Pecos River tributary in New Mexico and Texas. Farmland contraction in the US portion of the basin has resulted in lowered irrigation consumption and many cities have been able to reduce their water use as well, but irrigation in the Mexican portion of the basin has increased greatly, causing basin-wide consumption to remain high. This severe water crisis presents an opportunity for envisioning a more secure and sustainable water future for the basin, but a swift transition will be needed to avoid damaging consequences for farms, cities, and ecosystems.
Importance of Technology–Job Fit on the Sustained Use of E-Government: Finding the Perfect Fit
Belkhiria, Fares; Thongpapanl, Narongsak; Ashraf, Abdul Rehman; Ferreira, Caitlin; Venkatesh, Viswanath (IGI Global, 2025-11-26)
Success in e-government technology implementation offers many benefits for both governments and citizens; however, the real-world implementation showcases a high failure rate. Such failures are mainly attributed to a lack of use and adequate management expertise in implementation. The authors argue that this deficiency is because of a lack of fit between the technology and the jobs of employees in public institutions. Drawing on foundational work in person-job and person-organization fit, the authors conceptualize technology-job fit (TJF) as a two-dimensional construct: task relevance and workstyle compatibility. Using data from Thai government employees across core administrative functions, they test a moderated model and uncover a quality-fit paradox: high system and information quality only translate into positive outcomes when TJF is perceived as high. When TJF is low, even well-designed systems fail to generate enthusiasm or sustained use. These findings reframe e-government implementation challenges as issues of misalignment rather than technical inadequacy.
Impact of Technology on the Future of Course Development, Design, and Delivery: Leveraging Generative Artificial Intelligence for Greater Accessibility and Inclusion
Talukdar, Shahidur; Haque, Md Mahim; Nabi, Syed T.; Sikdar, Sagor (IGI Global, 2025-12)
In this chapter, the authors argue that the emergence of generative AI (GenAI) tools can make higher education more accessible and inclusive by transforming course development, design, delivery, and student evaluation. To this end, we identify various GenAI tools and their advantages for educational settings. This chapter further highlights advantages of GenAI in education generally, and particularly, for international students, non-English language users, and those with physical or mental disabilities. We then consider various disadvantages, challenges, concerns related to AI adoption in education. The article concludes with a brief discussion of various caveats of GenAI tools for non-native users of English and those with disabilities. In order for GenAI to be beneficial and make meaningful contribution to curriculum development and delivery, these concerns need to be addressed.
Aerodynamic Design Features of the DC-9
Shevell, Richard S.; Schaufele, Roger D. (American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1966)
The DC-9 aerodynamic design features discussed include the aft-engine T-tail arrangement, wing planform, airfoils, high-lift systems, nacelle-pylon design, and aerodynamic control systems. The aft-engine design is shown to have distinct advantages for the DC-9. There are two DC-9's : the Series 10, without leading-edge devices and therefore with airfoils having exceptional maximum lift capability; and the Series 30, with a longer fuselage, leading-edge devices, and airfoils more oriented toward minimum high-speed drag. The discussion concentrates on design areas associated with the aft-engine T-tail configuration such as the solution of the deep-stall problem and the design of the nacelle-pylon-fuselage area to minimize high Mach number drag. Causes of "locked-in" deep stall are shown to be related to the combined effects of wing and nacelle wakes and fuselage vortices on the horizontal tail. The DC-9 configuration has enough nose-down pitching moment capability to eliminate the possibility of locked-in deep stall. An analog simulator was used successfully to interpret extensive deep-stall wind-tunnel data. Flight-test results in all flight regimes verified the predictions of analytical methods and wind-tunnel tests.
Multi-Sensor Fusion and SLAM-Based Digital Twin Integration for Simulated Accessibility Assessments in Complex Architectural Environments
Borunda, Luis R. (Society for Modeling & Simulation International, 2025-05-26)
Ensuring accessibility in architectural environments remains a challenge, especially for visually impaired users who encounter subtle hazards like unmarked curbs, abrupt surface changes, and overhead obstructions that often go undetected. This paper introduces a simulation-based framework that detects and geolocates accessibility barriers using egocentric RGB video, GPS, and inertial data from AR glasses. Critical hazards are identified through monocular depth estimation, semantic segmentation, and 3D object detection, then anchored via Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) trajectories and fused with OpenStreetMap data, digital models, and point clouds to improve spatial accuracy. Hazards are filtered for plausibility and consistency before being annotated and visualized in an interactive Rhino/Grasshopper-based digital twin. While the system can run on RGB and GPS data alone making it broadly sensor-agnostic and deployable on common mobile devices, SLAM data is integrated to review precision. Case studies show strong alignment with ground-truth conditions and robust integration with spatial simulation models for accessibility auditing.
Industry 4.0’s Artificial Intelligence – A Blessing and a Nightmare for the Workforce
Mukuni, Joseph Siloka (IntechOpen, 2025-12-01)
The nature of work has been changing since the invention of machine tools during the First Industrial Revolutions in the mid-1700s. In recent years, advancements in technology have accelerated the rate of change in work, particularly with the onset of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which is also referred to as Industry 4.0. One of the notable fruits of Industry 4.0 is artificial intelligence (AI). It has come as a blessing to industry because of its tremendous contribution to improved productivity. Industry is now able to produce more for less with more precision, thanks to advancements in technology that have brought about AI. For the workforce, AI can be seen as a blessing to the extent that it is a tool that makes work light. This has the potential to lower labor costs because work that needs to be done by many people can be done by fewer people. However, artificial intelligence is also a nightmare because of its potential to threaten job security, workplace safety, and worker well-being. This chapter discusses the advantages of AI, the challenges that it poses (including ethical issues, fears of the unknown, alienation, worker safety, and job insecurity), and the pedagogical implications of AI (including reskilling, adoption of strategies for lifelong learning, experiential learning, holistic learning, and multidisciplinary learning). The chapter also recommends that workforce development institutions should adopt learner-centered pedagogical approaches which foster experiential learning, prepare learners for lifelong learning, and facilitate acquisition of soft skills (such as communication, problem-solving, creativity, and critical thinking).
Integrated crop-livestock farming systems influence the incidence of Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli, and indicator bacteria on fresh produce
Goodwyn, Brian; Millner, Patricia; Punchihewage-Don, Anuradha Jeewantha; Schwarz, Melinda; Bowers, John; Haymaker, Joseph; Hashem, Fawzy; Kim, Chyer; Biswas, Debabrata; Parveen, Salina (American Society for Microbiology, 2025-10)
Concerns remain about foodborne pathogen contamination risks to integrated crop-livestock farm (ICLF) fresh produce due to farm animal proximity to crop fields and use of biological soil amendments of animal origin (BSAAO). This study aimed to evaluate the extent of microbial contamination in Maryland's Eastern Shore ICLFs and compare results with those from corresponding samples from crop-only farms (COFs), farmers' markets, and supermarkets. Altogether, 1,782 soil, animal reservoir, water, and produce samples from ICLFs, COFs, farmers' markets, and supermarkets were analyzed following standard methods. Total aerobic bacterial counts and generic Escherichia coli were enumerated using petrifilms, whereas Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes), and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and virulence factors (VFs) were detected by culturing and PCR confirmation. ICLF soil health parameters were evaluated pre- and post-BSAAO incorporation. Animal pen samples and BSAAOs, which generally improved ICLF soil health parameters, harbored more pathogens and generic E. coli. Samples of ICLF produce (0.39%, 1.95%, and 13.62%) and soils (2.04%, 2.72%, and 20.86%) had higher Salmonella, L. monocytogenes, and STEC/VF-gene prevalence than COF produce (0.00%, 0.00%, and 5.33%) and soils (1.33%, 0.00%, and 20.00%), respectively. Pathogen contamination was relatively low in retail environments where Salmonella and L. monocytogenes were each isolated from one farmers' market produce, whereas STEC/VF-genes were found in one supermarket produce. Overall, the most frequent Salmonella serovars were Bareilly and Newport, whereas the highest detected STEC serovars and VF-genes were O103 and stx2. Produce contamination in ICLFs and farmers' markets was greater than that of traditional counterparts, indicating the importance of continued research/education regarding produce safety for producers and consumers.IMPORTANCEShifts in consumer demand have led to notable increases in integrated crop-livestock farms (ICLFs), which are major contributors to popular farmers' markets. However, production practices in these settings, like manure-based soil amendments and the lack of food safety regulation enforcement, have raised concerns regarding potential foodborne illness cases and outbreaks. This study provides valuable information on the prevalence and comparison of three major foodborne bacterial pathogens and indicator microorganisms in ICLF, crop-only farm (COF), farmers' market, and supermarket environments. Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli were detected more frequently in ICLF and farmers' market samples compared with COF and supermarket samples, respectively. However, at least one pathogen was detected in each setting. Findings from this study highlight that, regardless of studied settings, the contamination risks associated with fresh produce production on the Maryland Eastern Shore will contribute to developing food safety standards in various produce production environments.
Threat Modeling for O-RAN Cyber Risk, Governance, and Accountability
Dessources, Dimitri A.; Greene, Alexandra; Appiah-Mensah, Samuel; Bull, Joseph; Simpson, David; Tripathi, Nishith D.; Burger, Eric W.; Reed, Jeffrey H. (IEEE, 2025-11)
The vision to accelerate the commercialization of Open RAN (O-RAN) creates many opportunities for more flexible and cost-effective networks and use cases, but also presents security challenges. Prioritizing security as a critical component of this commercialization, rather than ‘‘good enough’’ protection, is paramount. Splitting the Radio Access Network (RAN) into different, disaggregated functions creates a larger attack surface. As O-RAN drives network component disaggregation and deployments shift from single-vendor to multi-vendor configurations, clear responsibility for asset protection is not just beneficial—it is foundational. Without well-defined roles, the complexity of securing critical infrastructure increases, leading to potential gaps, inefficiencies, and heightened risk exposure. A transparent framework ensures accountability, streamlined security coordination, and effective risk mitigation, making it possible to fortify resilience while enabling innovation and collaboration across diverse vendors. Various single-vendor deployments may use different frameworks to evaluate their security protocols. Shifting to multi-vendor deployments may cause new or existing security risks to emerge due to gaps between different security testing frameworks used throughout the Fifth Generation (5G) O-RAN lifecycle. Due to this potential for security gaps, we offer a Responsible, Accountable, Supports, Consulted & Informed (RASCI) chart as a starting point for what should be a multi-stakeholder series of engagements, which ultimately leads to an objective clarity of assigning risk responsibilities. We also review some of the threats to 5G ORAN as described by two popular 5G threat modeling frameworks, MITRE’s 5G Hierarchy of Threats ™ (FiGHT) Framework and O-RAN AllianceWorking Group (WG) 11 Threat Modeling and Risk Assessment Technical Report, that are most affected by unclear risk responsibilities, and detail how our suggested risk responsibility framework would help secure against these threats.
Integrating neuroscience and immunology core concepts to develop a neuroimmunology curriculum
Shah, Aparna P.; Leininger, Elizabeth C.; Pandey, Sumali (Frontiers, 2025-03-19)
Training students in interdisciplinary thinking is critical for the future of scientific discovery and problem-solving more generally. Therefore, students must have early opportunities to grapple with knowns and unknowns at the frontiers of interdisciplinary inquiry. Neuroimmunology challenges students to think at the intersection of two rapidly evolving fields, neuroscience and immunology. As these disciplines focus on complex systems, their intersection represents a unique opportunity for students to witness the nature and process of interdisciplinary collaboration and synthesis. However, the fast pace of research and specialized knowledge in both disciplines present challenges for instructors interested in teaching the subject to undergraduate students. In this article, we share and describe a curriculum developed using a backward-design approach to analyze core concepts in both neuroscience and immunology, which were articulated by disciplinary experts in collaboration with their respective education communities. We determine overlaps between these conceptual frameworks, identify key prerequisite knowledge, and suggest example activities to introduce neuroimmunology to undergraduate students. This curriculum may be used for an entire course, or modified into shorter units that instructors can use within diverse educational contexts. We hope that this effort will encourage instructors to adopt neuroimmunology into their curricula, provide a roadmap to forge other such interdisciplinary educational collaborations, and prepare students to develop creative solutions to current and future societal problems.
Substantially improved efficiency and selectivity of carbon dioxide reduction by superior hydrated electron in microdroplet
Ge, Qiuyue; Liu, Yangyang; You, Wenbo; Li, Yumo; Wang, Wei; Yang, Le; Xie, Lifang; Li, Kejian; Wang, Licheng; Ma, Minglu; Wang, Runbo; Wang, Jilun; Huang, Tingting; Wang, Tao; Ruan, Xuejun; Ji, Minbiao; Zhang, Liwu (American Association for the Advancement of Science, 2025-10)
The photochemical conversion of CO2 into valuable fuels faces challenges of low efficiency and poor selectivity. Hydrated electrons (eaq−), with their extremely negative reduction potential, are promising CO2-reducing agents, yet their short lifetime limits selectivity and high-energy- density product formation. Herein, we show that microdroplet interfaces with strong electric fields (109 volts per meter) substantially extend the lifespan of eaq− generated from industrial sulfite pollutants (SO3 2−), lowering energy barriers in the CO2 reduction reaction and enabling targeted product formation. The machine learning strategy identified microdroplet size as the key parameter controlling electric field strength, product yield, and selectivity. In our lab-based scaled-up system, microdroplets <10 micrometers improved performance by four to seven orders of magnitude over bulk-phase systems, achieving ~99% methanol selectivity. Strong interfacial electric fields stabilize intermediates and modulate carbon-oxygen bond lengths, directing pathways to high-value products. This approach enables sustainable CO2 utilization via microdroplets, potentially producing fuels from waste.
‘Disease-smart’ outcrossing can enhance individual fitness and increase survival via immune priming against pathogens: New approaches to strengthen genetic rescue efforts
Ghosh, Enakshi; Wallace, Matthew; Hufbauer, Ruth A. (Wiley, 2025-09-01)
We studied the potential of combining insect immune priming with the introduction of diverse migrants to safeguard individuals from an inbred population from disease as a technique for enhancing genetic rescue efforts. Immune priming in insects refers to the stronger immune response insects have against pathogens following exposure. This enhanced immunity can be passed on to offspring and holds promise for insect conservation efforts against diseases. We compared the fitness benefits to individuals from a small, inbred population of two treatments: the addition of genetically diverse migrants that had not been primed and the addition of immune-primed migrants. While both types of migrants enhanced reproduction, as in cases of genetic rescue, only primed migrants led to improved survival on exposure to a pathogen. Better immunity led to a trade-off with reproduction in immune-primed migrants, but this was not evident upon outcrossing with the target individuals, revealing synergies between hybrid vigour and immune priming. Given the demographic constraints and stochasticity that can exacerbate the effects of disease outbreaks in small populations, our results serve as a proof of concept for combining immune priming with assisted migration, which offers a proactive strategy to mitigate disease impacts while enhancing genetic diversity.
The Influence of Ultraprocessed Food Consumption on Energy Intake in Emerging Adulthood: A Controlled Feeding Trial
Rego, Maria L. M.; Leslie, Emma; Schmall, Emily; Capra, Bailey; Hudson, Summer; Ahrens, Monica L.; Katz, Benjamin; Davy, Kevin P.; Hedrick, Valisa E.; DiFeliceantonio, Alexandra G.; Davy, Brenda M. (Wiley, 2025-11-19)
OBJECTIVE: This study examined the impact of a 2-week eucaloric diet high in ultraprocessed foods (UPF) compared to a diet without UPF (non-UPF) on ad libitum energy intake (EI) and food selection in individuals aged 18-25. METHODS: In a randomized, crossover, proof-of-concept trial, participants completed two 14-day controlled feeding periods (81% UPF vs. 0% UPF), with a 4-week washout. Diets were matched for macronutrients, fiber, added sugar, diet quality, and energy density. Following each condition, participants consumed an ad libitum buffet meal including UPF and non-UPF. Energy and food grams consumed were quantified. Statistical analyses were conducted for the full sample, late adolescents (aged 18-21), and young adults (aged 22-25). RESULTS: Twenty-seven individuals aged 22 ± 2 years (mean BMI = 24 ± 3 kg/m2) were included. Diet compliance was ~99% overall. There was no effect of diet condition on meal total kcal or grams consumed or UPF or non-UPF consumption in the full sample (all p > 0.05). In the exploratory age subgroup analysis, an interaction between diet and age was observed for total EI (p < 0.001), where total EI increased among adolescents following the UPF diet (p = 0.03, d = 0.79), but not in young adults. CONCLUSIONS: Late adolescents may be susceptible to increased EI following a UPF diet. Future trials are warranted to evaluate this possibility. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT05550818.
On-farm large plot comparison of Bt and non-Bt corn hybrids for Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) feeding, yield, and economic return
Alsdorf, Alexis; Reisig, Dominic; Ferraro, Gregory; Malone, Sean; Mott, Joshua; Schardong, Igor; Taylor, Sally; Rejesus, Roderick (Oxford University Press, 2025-11-16)
Helicoverpa zea (Bodie) is a widespread damaging pest in the US that has evolved varying levels of resistance to Cry toxins in corn and cotton. To delay resistance evolution to this pest and others targeted by Bt corn, growers in the southern United States are required to plant at least 20% of their corn area with non-Bt corn. However, growers are reluctant to do this. Multiple small-plot research studies show timely planted non-Bt and Bt corn hybrids yield equally; however, growers often think non-Bt hybrids yield less than Bt hybrids. In response, we compared non-Bt and Bt hybrids using grower-owned planting and harvesting equipment. Growers planted 5 corn hybrids as strip plots (Bt-P1197YHR, DKC65-99, non-Bt-P1197LR, DKC67-70, and DKC65-93) in 2022 at 27 locations and 4 hybrids (excluding DKC65-93) in 2023 at 28 locations throughout North Carolina. When corn reached dent (R5), we measured the area of H. zea injury from each hybrid at each location. We calculated yield and economic net returns at harvest. We separated analyses for Bt trait pyramid and hybrid for both feeding and yield. H. zea feeding was at moderate levels, following predictable patterns. There were no significant differences between Bt and non-Bt hybrids within the 2 companies we compared (Pioneer [P] and Bayer [DKC]) across both years. In general, farm profitability is not statistically different when planting a 20% non-Bt refuge compared to planting 100% Bt corn. Factors other than typical H. zea feeding are more impactful on yield in North Carolina.
Let’s do COVID: cultural orientation in online education—via instructional design
Al Amri, Kamla; Johnson, Alicia Leinaala (Springer, 2025-11-01)
This literature review investigates the role of cultural diversity in instructional design within online learning environments. Through a structured review of literature from 2010 to 2023, including seminal works and recent studies, this research examines how culture is defined, researched, and implemented in instructional design. The review was guided by five research questions exploring: definitions of culture in instructional design literature, research approaches to studying culture, implementation in the instructional design process, differences in cultural considerations before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and challenges arising from cultural diversity. Key findings reveal an evolution from static to dynamic definitions of culture in instructional design. While theoretical frameworks for implementing culture in instructional design have matured, practical application remains challenging. The COVID-19 pandemic catalyzed both innovations and setbacks in cultural considerations for online learning design. Persistent challenges include creating materials accessible across diverse populations, addressing socioeconomic barriers, and overcoming resource constraints in evaluation practices. This review contributes to the field by synthesizing current knowledge about cultural considerations in instructional design while identifying significant gaps in research and practice. Findings can inform more effective approaches to incorporating cultural considerations in instructional design, particularly in increasingly diverse online learning environments.
Sunset Planning: Lessons and Tools for Responsible Stewardship of Community Digital Infrastructure and Projects
Becker, Snowden; Kinnaman, Alex; Vowell, Zachary; Wiseman, Christine (Digital Library Federation, 2025-11-16)
Sharing lessons from the sunset of the twenty-year-old digital preservation network MetaArchive, this workshop provides tools to help community-based digital infrastructure and projects anticipate endings and pivotal changes as a part of holistic sustainability planning; express core values; and address diverse member needs as part of graceful change management.
We Are the [Project] Champions: Collaborative Project Management in a Digital Imaging Lab
Kinnaman, Alex; Westblade, Julia (Digital Library Federation, 2025-11-18)
This presentation details the system of committees Virginia Tech University Libraries uses to evaluate digitization projects, consult with stakeholders, and oversee production. Involving a team ensures digital collections at VTUL are diverse, equitable, and accessible. The presentation will highlight workflows and strategies for project management of several large, concurrent projects.
Dante, VA: Conceptual Redevelopment Plan for the Former Dry Cleaners Building
Gleason, Harry (2025-03-31)
Pilot Study: Impact of Primary Spoken Language as a Social Determinant of Health on CPR Education and Utilization
LeNeave, Charles W.; Meier, Brian; Liffert, Heather; Perkins, John C. (California Digital Library, 2025-07-18)

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