Multimodal Takeover Request Displays for Semi-automated Vehicles: Focused on Spatiality and Lead Time

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dc.contributor.authorSanghavi, H.en
dc.contributor.authorJeon, Myounghoonen
dc.contributor.authorNadri, C.en
dc.contributor.authorKo, S.en
dc.contributor.authorSodnik, J.en
dc.contributor.authorStojmenova, K.en
dc.contributor.editorKromker, H.en
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-10T14:19:28Zen
dc.date.available2025-01-10T14:19:28Zen
dc.date.issued2021-01-01en
dc.date.issued2021-07-03en
dc.description.abstractTo investigate the full potential of non-speech sounds, this study explored the effects of different multimodal takeover request displays in semi-automated vehicles. It used a mixed design - the visual and auditory notification lead time was within-subjects, whereas the auditory notification spatiality was between-subjects. The study was conducted in a motion-based driving simulator with 24 participants. All participants were engaged in four 9-min driving tasks in level-3 automated vehicle and simultaneously performed a non-driving related task (NDRT, online game). Each driving session contained three hazardous events with takeover request (in total 12 requests per user). The results showed that 3-s lead time evoked the fastest reaction time but caused high perceived workload and resulted in unsafe and non-comfortable maneuver. In terms of workload and maneuver, 7-s lead time showed better results than others. Auditory displays with directional information provided significantly better reaction times and reaction types. Subjective evaluation, on the other hand, did not show any significant differences between non-directional and directional displays. Additionally, the results showed that braking is a more common first reaction than steering, and that the NDRT did not influence the takeover request.en
dc.description.notesYes, full paper (Peer reviewed?)en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extentPages 315-334en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78358-7_22en
dc.identifier.eissn1611-3349en
dc.identifier.isbn9783030783570en
dc.identifier.issn0302-9743en
dc.identifier.orcidJeon, Myounghoon [0000-0003-2908-671X]en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10919/124105en
dc.identifier.volume12791 LNCSen
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherSpringeren
dc.relation.urihttps://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78358-7_22en
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectTakeoveren
dc.subjectMultimodal displaysen
dc.subjectSemi-automated vehiclesen
dc.subjectSound spatialityen
dc.subjectLead timeen
dc.titleMultimodal Takeover Request Displays for Semi-automated Vehicles: Focused on Spatiality and Lead Timeen
dc.title.serialLecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)en
dc.typeConference proceedingen
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherProceedings Paperen
dc.type.otherBook in seriesen
pubs.finish-date2021-07-29en
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Techen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Engineeringen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Engineering/Industrial and Systems Engineeringen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Engineering/COE T&R Facultyen
pubs.start-date2021-07-24en

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