Photo-reactive Surfactant and Macromolecular Supramolecular Structures

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dc.contributor.authorCashion, Matthew Paulen
dc.contributor.committeechairLong, Timothy E.en
dc.contributor.committeememberMoore, Robert Bowenen
dc.contributor.committeememberTurner, S. Richarden
dc.contributor.committeememberDavis, Richey M.en
dc.contributor.committeememberMadsen, Louis A.en
dc.contributor.departmentChemistryen
dc.date.accessioned2014-03-14T20:12:03Zen
dc.date.adate2009-06-11en
dc.date.available2014-03-14T20:12:03Zen
dc.date.issued2009-04-30en
dc.date.rdate2012-03-30en
dc.date.sdate2009-05-14en
dc.description.abstractFor the first time nonwoven fibrous scaffolds were electrospun from a low molar mass gemini ammonium surfactant, N,N–-didodecyl-N,N,N–,N–-tetramethyl-N,N–-ethanediyl-di-ammonium dibromide (12-2-12). Cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM) and solution rheological experiments revealed micellar morphological transitions of 12-2-12 in water and water:methanol (1:1 vol). Electrospinning efforts of 12-2-12 from water did not produce fibers at any concentration, however, electrospinning 12-2-12 in water:methanol at concentrations greater than 2C* produced, hydrophilic continuous fibers with diameters between 0.9 and 7 μM. Photo-reactive surfactants were synthesized to electrospin robust surfactant membranes. Before electrospinning it was important to fundamentally understand the structure-property relationship of gemini surfactants. The thermal and solution properties were explored for a series of ammonium gemini surfactants using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), polarized light microscopy (PLM), and conductivity experiments. The Kraft temperature (Tk) was measured in water and water:methanol (1:1 vol) to investigate the influence of solvent on the surfactant solution properties. Other experiments investigate how associated photo-curable architectures are applicable in macromolecular architectures, to gain a fundamental understanding of how hydrogen bonding associations influence the photo-reactivity of functionalized acrylic copolymers. Novel hot melt pressure sensitive adhesives (HMPSAs) were developed from acrylic terpolymers of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA), 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), and methyl acrylate (MA) functionalized with hydrogen bonding and photo-reactive functionalities. The synergy of hydrogen bonding and photo-reactivity resulted in higher peel values and rates of cinnamate photo-reactivity with increasing urethane concentration. Random copolymers of poly(n-butyl acrylate (nBA)-co-2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA)) were functionalized with hydrogen bonding and photo-reactive groups to explore the photo-curing of associated macromolecular architectures. The influence of urethane hydrogen bonding on the photo-reactivity of cinnamate-functionalized acrylics was investigated with photo-rheology and UV-vis spectroscopy. Cinnamate-functionalized samples displayed an increase in modulus with exposure time, and the percentage increase in modulus decreased as the urethane content increased. The synergy of hydrogen bonding and photo-reactive groups resulted in higher rates of cinnamate photo-reactivity with increasing urethane concentration. Electrospun fibers were in situ photo-crosslinked to develop fibrous membranes from cinnamate functionalized low Tg acrylics. Electrospinning was conducted approximately 55 °C above the Tg of the cinnamate acrylate and the electrospun fibers did not retain their fibrous morphology without photo-curing. However, electrospun fibers were collected that retained their fibrous morphology and resisted flow when in situ photo-cured during electrospinning. The intermolecular photo-dimerization of cinnamates resulted in a network formation that prevented the low Tg cinnamate acrylate from flowing.en
dc.description.degreePh. D.en
dc.identifier.otheretd-05142009-143351en
dc.identifier.sourceurlhttp://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05142009-143351/en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/27714en
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.relation.haspartMatthewCashionDissertation.pdfen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectphoto-curingen
dc.subjectgemini surfactantsen
dc.subjectn-butyl acrylateen
dc.subject2-hydroxyethyl acrylateen
dc.subjectcinnamateen
dc.subjecthydrogen bondingen
dc.subjectadhesivesen
dc.subjectelectrospinningen
dc.subjectphoto-rheologyen
dc.titlePhoto-reactive Surfactant and Macromolecular Supramolecular Structuresen
dc.typeDissertationen
thesis.degree.disciplineChemistryen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.leveldoctoralen
thesis.degree.namePh. D.en

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