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Early Holocene Greenland-ice mass loss likely triggered earthquakes and tsunami

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dc.contributor.authorSteffen, Rebekkaen
dc.contributor.authorSteffen, Holgeren
dc.contributor.authorWeiss, Roberten
dc.contributor.authorLecavalier, Benoit S.en
dc.contributor.authorMilne, Glenn A.en
dc.contributor.authorWoodroffe, Sarah A.en
dc.contributor.authorBennike, Oleen
dc.contributor.departmentGeosciencesen
dc.contributor.departmentCenter for Coastal Studiesen
dc.date.accessioned2020-12-10T14:36:38Zen
dc.date.available2020-12-10T14:36:38Zen
dc.date.issued2020-09-15en
dc.description.abstractDue to their large mass, ice sheets induce significant stresses in the Earth's crust. Stress release during deglaciation can trigger large-magnitude earthquakes, as indicated by surface faults in northern Europe. Although glacially-induced stresses have been analyzed in northern Europe, they have not yet been analyzed for Greenland. We know that the Greenland Ice Sheet experienced a large melting period in the early Holocene, and so here, we analyze glacially-induced stresses during deglaciation for Greenland for the first time. Instability occurs in southern Greenland, where we use a combined analysis of past sea level indicators and a model of glacially-induced fault reactivation to show that deglaciation of the Greenland Ice Sheet may have caused a large magnitude earthquake or a series of smaller magnitude earthquakes around 10,600 years ago offshore south-western Greenland. The earthquake(s) may have shifted relative sea level observations by several meters. If the earthquake-induced stress release was created during a single event, it could have produced a tsunami in the North Atlantic Ocean with runup heights of up to 7.2 m in the British Isles and up to 7.8 m along Canadian coasts. (C) 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.en
dc.description.notesWe thank the editor Rebecca Bendick and two anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive feedback that has improved this paper. Additionally, we thank Kristian K. Kjeldsen (Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland) for providing geological maps and Ken McCaffrey (Durham University) for discussions. The paper benefited greatly from discussions during SCAR-SERCE GIA workshops. R.S. was partly funded by AXA Research Foundation and The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences in partnership with The Crafoord Foundationin Lund (Sweden) through a Crafoord Research Grant.en
dc.description.sponsorshipAXA Research Foundation; Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences; Crafoord Foundationin Lund (Sweden) through a Crafoord Research Granten
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2020.116443en
dc.identifier.eissn1385-013Xen
dc.identifier.issn0012-821Xen
dc.identifier.other116443en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/101060en
dc.identifier.volume546en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectglacial isostatic adjustmenten
dc.subjectrelative sea-level dataen
dc.subjecttsunamien
dc.subjectGreenlanden
dc.subjectglacially-triggered faultingen
dc.titleEarly Holocene Greenland-ice mass loss likely triggered earthquakes and tsunamien
dc.title.serialEarth And Planetary Science Lettersen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

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