Environmental Heat Exposure Among Pet Dogs in Rural and Urban Settings in the Southern United States

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dc.contributor.authorMoon, Katherine E.en
dc.contributor.authorWang, Suweien
dc.contributor.authorBryant, Kayaen
dc.contributor.authorGohlke, Julia M.en
dc.coverage.countryUnited Statesen
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-23T16:46:29Zen
dc.date.available2022-03-23T16:46:29Zen
dc.date.issued2021-10-05en
dc.description.abstractWith advancing global climate change, heat-related illnesses and injuries are anticipated to become more prevalent for humans and other species. Canine hyperthermia is already considered an important seasonal emergency. Studies have been performed on the risk factors for heat stroke in canine athletes and military working dogs; however there is limited knowledge on environmental risk factors for the average pet dog. This observational study explores variation in individually experienced environmental temperatures of pet dogs (N = 30) in rural and urban environments in central Alabama. Temperature data from dogs and their owners was collected using wearable personal thermometers. Demographic data on the dogs was collected using a brief survey instrument completed by their owners. Dogs included in the study varied in signalment, activity level, and home environment. Linear mixed effects regression models were used to analyze repeated measure temperature and heat index values from canine thermometers to explore the effect of environmental factors on the overall heat exposure risk of canine pets. Specifically, the heat exposures of dogs were modeled considering their owner's experienced temperatures, as well as neighborhood and local weather station measurements, to identify factors that contribute to the heat exposure of individual dogs, and therefore potentially contribute to heat stress in the average pet dog. Results show hourly averaged temperatures for dogs followed a diurnal pattern consistent with both owner and ambient temperature measurements, except for indoor dogs whose recordings remained stable throughout the day. Heat index calculations showed that owners, in general, had more hours categorized into the National Weather Station safe category compared to their dogs, and that indoor dogs had a greater proportion of hours categorized as safe compared to outdoor dogs. Our results suggest that the risk of the average pet dog to high environmental heat exposure may be greater than traditional measures indicate, emphasizing that more localized considerations of temperature are important when assessing a dog's environmental risk for heat-related injury or illness.</p>en
dc.description.notesThis work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [Grant number R01ES023029 (PI: JG)], the Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Summer Veterinary Student Research Program, and the Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Scholar program. These funding sources were not involved in study design, collection, analysis and interpretation of data, in the writing of the report, or in the decision to submit the article for publication.en
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R01ES023029]; Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine Summer Veterinary Student Research Program; Boehringer Ingelheim Veterinary Scholar programBoehringer Ingelheimen
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2021.742926en
dc.identifier.eissn2297-1769en
dc.identifier.other742926en
dc.identifier.pmid34676256en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/109431en
dc.identifier.volume8en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectcanineen
dc.subjectheat-related illnessen
dc.subjectenvironmenten
dc.subjectindividually experienced temperatureen
dc.subjectruralen
dc.subjectpet dogen
dc.subjectheat stressen
dc.titleEnvironmental Heat Exposure Among Pet Dogs in Rural and Urban Settings in the Southern United Statesen
dc.title.serialFrontiers in Veterinary Scienceen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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