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Occurrence of Free Amino Acids in the Source Waters of Zhejiang Province, China, and Their Removal and Transformation in Drinking Water Systems

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dc.contributor.authorYang, Yulongen
dc.contributor.authorYu, Qien
dc.contributor.authorZhou, Ruonanen
dc.contributor.authorFeng, Jiaoen
dc.contributor.authorZhang, Kejiaen
dc.contributor.authorLi, Xueyanen
dc.contributor.authorMa, Xiaoyanen
dc.contributor.authorDietrich, Andrea M.en
dc.contributor.departmentCivil and Environmental Engineeringen
dc.date.accessioned2020-01-10T14:38:08Zen
dc.date.available2020-01-10T14:38:08Zen
dc.date.issued2019-12-24en
dc.date.updated2020-01-10T09:02:09Zen
dc.description.abstractFree amino acids (FAAs) are key components of the global nitrogen cycle and important disinfection byproduct (DBP) precursors. The knowledge gap of FAA occurrence in source and engineered water is discussed in this paper. Solid phase extraction and post column derivatization was combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to simultaneously detect μg/L concentrations of FAAs. This method efficiently detects alanine (Ala), threonine (Thr), serine (Ser), valine (Val), leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), proline (Pro), aspartic (Asp), phenylalanine (Phe), and glutamic acid (Glu) with good linearity, accuracy, and precision. An investigation of FAAs in surface waters in Zhejiang Province found concentrations of 1.48–14.73 μg/L Ala, 0.20–2.39 μg/L Thr, 0.41–7.84 μg/L Val, 0.21–6.86 μg/L Ser, 0.11–4.16 μ;g/L Leu, 0.57–1.54 μg/L Ile, 0.24–8.06 μg/L Pro, 0.42–4.73 μg/L Asp, 0.30–3.01 μg/L Phe, and 0.12–3.83 μg/L Glu. Phe and tyrosine (Tyr) exhibited higher trichloromethane (TCM) formation (1029–1148 μg/mmolAA) than dichloroacetonitrile (DCAN) formation (333–347 μg/mmolAA). Asp and Glu demonstrated the opposite trend: higher DCAN (570–1106 μg/mmolAA) formation than TCM (137–506 μg/mmolAA).en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationYang, Y.; Yu, Q.; Zhou, R.; Feng, J.; Zhang, K.; Li, X.; Ma, X.; Dietrich, A.M. Occurrence of Free Amino Acids in the Source Waters of Zhejiang Province, China, and Their Removal and Transformation in Drinking Water Systems. Water 2019, 12, 73.en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/w12010073en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/96382en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherMDPIen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectsolid phase extractionen
dc.subjectdisinfection byproduct precursoren
dc.subjectfree amino acidsen
dc.subjectC-DBPen
dc.subjectN-DPBen
dc.titleOccurrence of Free Amino Acids in the Source Waters of Zhejiang Province, China, and Their Removal and Transformation in Drinking Water Systemsen
dc.title.serialWateren
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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Journal Articles, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Destination Area: Global Systems Science (GSS)
Scholarly Works, Civil and Environmental Engineering