The Effects of Isoflavone Supplementation on Rats and Humans

Chen, Chung-Yen

The Effects of Isoflavone Supplementation on Rats and Humans

dc.contributor.author	Chen, Chung-Yen	en
dc.contributor.committeechair	Bakhit, Raga M.	en
dc.contributor.department	Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise	en
dc.date.accessioned	2014-03-14T20:15:17Z	en
dc.date.adate	2001-08-16	en
dc.date.available	2014-03-14T20:15:17Z	en
dc.date.issued	2001-08-14	en
dc.date.rdate	2002-08-16	en
dc.date.sdate	2001-08-16	en
dc.description.abstract	Isoflavones have antioxidant activities in vivo, however, their antioxidative potential against oxidative stress initiated by exercise was not explored. The first study investigated the effect of high-genistin isoflavone (HGI) supplementation on erythrocyte antioxidant enzymes and tissues' thiobarbituric reactive substances (TBARS) in acutely exercised one-year old rats. All tissue genistein concentrations increased after exercise. Ingestion of HGI seemingly enhanced running time to exhaustion, and maintained glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT) activities decreased due to exercise. The second study investigated the dose effect of HGI supplementation. Genistein concentrations were significantly higher (P<0.05) in tissues of rats fed the 1045 PPM HGI diet than in rats fed 522 or 209 PPM HGI diets and increased the glutathione (GSH)/total glutathione (TGSH) ratio (P<0.03). Reductions of the in vivo MDA concentrations (P<0.05) were observed only in the plasma of rats fed 522 and 1045 PPM HGI diets compared to those fed 0 PPM (-1.08, -0.82, and 0.03 mM, respectively). Therefore, isoflavones at 522-1045 PPM HGI diet have antioxidative effects in rats. The last two studies investigated the effect of isoflavone supplementation on the modulation of erythrocyte antioxidant enzyme activities, glutathione homeostasis, and other oxidative biomolecules in healthy young men undergoing 80%VO2pk exercise. In Study 3 exercise at 80%VO2pk increased oxidative stress which was best demonstrated by increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity (16.5%), GSH/TGSH ratio, in vivo MDA (12.6%), plasma uric acid (4.9%) and ferric reducing/antioxidant ability (FRAP) ( 7.8%). Therefore, 30 minutes 80% VO2pk exercise induced oxidative stress in moderately active college men. In study 4, four-week HGI supplementation produced plasma genistein and daidzein concentrations of 499 and 415 ng/ml, which were significantly increased to 633 and 539 ng/ml by exercise (P=0.04 and P=0.05). Isoflavones significantly decreased in vivo pre-exercise plasma MDA (P<0.05), increased pre-exercise blood TGSH (P=0.01) and pre-exercise erythrocyte SOD activity (P=0.0006), and maintained the decreased activities of GPx due to exercise at pre-exercise levels. Results demonstrated that isoflavones had antioxidant activity in vivo under normal physiological conditions in healthy young men. They also maintaining GPx activity which was decreased due to exercise, however, isoflavones may not overcome all oxidative stress initiated by intense exercise.	en
dc.description.degree	Ph. D.	en
dc.identifier.other	etd-08162001-111701	en
dc.identifier.sourceurl	http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-08162001-111701/	en
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10919/28676	en
dc.publisher	Virginia Tech	en
dc.relation.haspart	bottom.pdf	en
dc.relation.haspart	body.pdf	en
dc.relation.haspart	front.pdf	en
dc.rights	In Copyright	en
dc.rights.uri	http://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/	en
dc.subject	glutathione	en
dc.subject	oxidative stress	en
dc.subject	antioxidant enzymes	en
dc.subject	Exercise	en
dc.subject	lipid peroxidation	en
dc.title	The Effects of Isoflavone Supplementation on Rats and Humans	en
dc.type	Dissertation	en
thesis.degree.discipline	Human Nutrition, Foods, and Exercise	en
thesis.degree.grantor	Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University	en
thesis.degree.level	doctoral	en
thesis.degree.name	Ph. D.	en