A Review of Sustainable Indices Relevant to the Agri-Food Industry

In recent years, sustainable practices have become increasingly important in global food production, with a growing emphasis on monitoring and verifying environmentally friendly and socially responsible processes. This paper reviews a comprehensive list of 331 sustainability indices, certifications, and standards used worldwide. We categorized each metric, assessed their key attributes, and compared the focus and measurement practices between food and non-food sustainability metrics. Our comparative analysis highlights significant differences between agricultural and non-agricultural sectors, particularly emphasizing the need for improved measurement frameworks in the beef industry regarding GHG emissions, water use, soil health, and animal welfare. We then demonstrate how these metrics can be applied to the beef production system, identifying potential gaps in existing indices that could be more comprehensive in encompassing environmental, social, and economic aspects. By synthesizing existing knowledge and pinpointing areas for further research, this review aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts to promote sustainable agricultural production and consumption.