The effect of oral contraceptive agents on copper and zinc balance in young women

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dc.contributor.authorCrews, Michael Glenen
dc.contributor.committeechairRitchey, Sanford J.en
dc.contributor.committeememberWebb, Ryland E.en
dc.contributor.committeememberPolan, Carl E.en
dc.contributor.committeememberPhillips, Jean A.en
dc.contributor.committeememberBowen, Phyllis E.en
dc.contributor.departmentHuman Nutrition and Foodsen
dc.date.accessioned2014-03-14T21:10:20Zen
dc.date.adate2010-04-07en
dc.date.available2014-03-14T21:10:20Zen
dc.date.issued1978-08-15en
dc.date.rdate2010-04-07en
dc.date.sdate2010-04-07en
dc.description.abstractAn 18-day balance study was designed to test the hypothesis that the use of oral contraceptive agents would change the metabolic balance of copper and zinc in young women. The subjects were divided into two treatment groups based on the use or non-use of oral contraceptive agents, The mean age was 21 years and 6 months for the non-oral contraceptive group and 21 years and 2 months for the oral contraceptive group. The mean weight was 57.2 kg for the non-oral contraceptive group and 59.7 kg for the group on oral contraceptive therapy. The study was composed of three 6-day periods. The subjects of both groups consumed identical diets for the three experimental periods. The diet contained approximately 2 mg of copper, 9 mg of zinc, 50 g of protein, 181 mg of cholesterol, and 2000 kcal per day. The first experimental period served as an adjustment period with the latter two periods serving as the balance periods. Subjects were given a multi-vitamin supplement daily. All urine and feces were collected and assayed for copper, zinc, and nitrogen. Food samples were measured for content of copper, zinc, and nitrogen. Blood samples were taken and the plasma fraction analyzed for copper, zinc, and cholesterol content. Urinary copper was measured as an organic chelate by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Copper and zinc content of the other samples were assayed in wet ashed samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Food and fecal nitrogen was assayed by Kjeldahl analysis. Urine nitrogen and creatinine was measured by standard automated techniques. No significant differences were found in the metabolic balances of copper, zinc, and nitrogen. Oral contraceptive users were found to have significantly (p<0.01) higher plasma cholesterol and copper levels, but plasma zinc concentrations were not significantly different. No difference was found in hemoglobin or hematocrit for the two groups. The urinary excretion of zinc was similar for the two groups. The excretion of copper and creatinine was significantly (p<0.01) higher for the oral contraceptive group. The urinary and fecal excretion of copper and zinc was not significantly different for the two groups. While the balance data was not different for the two groups, it is of interest that both groups maintained negative balance states on intakes similar to projected intakes for the general population. This indicated that both groups needed more copper and zinc than they received, It therefore appears that consideration should be given to a possible suboptimal nutritional state existing for copper and zinc nutrition for at least this sex-age group.en
dc.description.degreePh. D.en
dc.format.extentv, 95 leaveen
dc.format.mediumBTDen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.otheretd-04072010-020249en
dc.identifier.sourceurlhttp://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04072010-020249/en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/37573en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.relation.haspartLD5655.V856_1978.C748.pdfen
dc.relation.isformatofOCLC# 40294264en
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectmineralsen
dc.subject.lccLD5655.V856 1978.C748en
dc.titleThe effect of oral contraceptive agents on copper and zinc balance in young womenen
dc.typeDissertationen
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
thesis.degree.disciplineHuman Nutrition and Foodsen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.leveldoctoralen
thesis.degree.namePh. D.en

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