Palmer amaranth control, fecundity, and seed viability from soybean herbicides applied at first female inflorescence

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dc.contributor.authorScruggs, Eric B.en
dc.contributor.authorVanGessel, Mark J.en
dc.contributor.authorHolshouser, David L.en
dc.contributor.authorFlessner, Michael L.en
dc.date.accessioned2021-11-22T17:49:34Zen
dc.date.available2021-11-22T17:49:34Zen
dc.date.issued2021-06en
dc.description.abstractPalmer amaranth is an extremely troublesome weed for soybean growers because of its aggressive growth, adaptability, prolific seed production, and widespread resistance to many herbicides. Studies were initiated to determine the effects of herbicide application at first female inflorescence on Palmer amaranth control, biomass, seed production, cumulative germination, and seed viability. Enlist (2,4-D-resistant) soybean and Xtend (dicamba-resistant) soybean were planted and various combinations of either 2,4-D or dicamba with and without glufosinate and/or glyphosate were applied at first visible female Palmer amaranth inflorescence. Mixtures of 2,4-D + glufosinate and 2,4-D + glufosinate + glyphosate provided the greatest control at 4 wk after treatment in Enlist soybean. Similarly, in Xtend soybean, combinations of dicamba + glufosinate and dicamba + glufosinate + glyphosate provided the greatest control. The greatest reductions in biomass were from combinations of auxin herbicides (2,4-D or dicamba) plus glufosinate with and without glyphosate. Seed production was reduced most by treatments containing at least one effective site of action: an auxin herbicide (2,4-D or dicamba) or glufosinate. In contrast to previous research, cumulative germination and seed viability were not affected by herbicide treatments. This research indicates the efficacy of auxin herbicides or glufosinate alone and in combination to reduce the seed production of Palmer amaranth when applied at first female inflorescence. More research is needed to evaluate the full potential for applications of these herbicides at flower initiation to mitigate the evolution of herbicide resistance.en
dc.description.notesThe authors acknowledge Wykle Greene, Shawn Beam, Kara Pittman, Kevin Bamber, and Spencer Michael of Virginia Tech for their help with this research; and Bayer Crop Science, the Virginia Soybean Board, the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, for providing partial funding for this research. Although no specific funding was received related to this manuscript from manufacturers Corteva Agriscience or United Phosphorus, funding has been provided to Virginia Tech in support of M.L.F.'s research and extension program.en
dc.description.sponsorshipBayer Crop ScienceBayer AG; Virginia Soybean Board; Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station; National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of AgricultureUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA)en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1017/wet.2020.119en
dc.identifier.eissn1550-2740en
dc.identifier.issn0890-037Xen
dc.identifier.issue3en
dc.identifier.otherPII S0890037X20001190en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/106710en
dc.identifier.volume35en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subject2,4-Den
dc.subjectdicambaen
dc.subjectglufosinateen
dc.subjectglyphosateen
dc.subjectPalmer amaranthen
dc.subjectAmaranthus palmeri Sen
dc.subjectWatson AMAPAen
dc.subjectsoybean Glycine max (L) Merren
dc.subjectHerbicide resistanceen
dc.subjectauxin herbicidesen
dc.subjectseed productionen
dc.subjectcrop toppingen
dc.titlePalmer amaranth control, fecundity, and seed viability from soybean herbicides applied at first female inflorescenceen
dc.title.serialWeed Technologyen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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