Sulfur isotopes track the global extent and dynamics of euxinia during Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2

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dc.contributor.authorOwens, Jeremy D.en
dc.contributor.authorGill, Benjamin C.en
dc.contributor.authorJenkyns, Hugh C.en
dc.contributor.authorBates, Steven M.en
dc.contributor.authorSevermann, Silkeen
dc.contributor.authorKuypers, Marcel M. M.en
dc.contributor.authorWoodfine, Richard G.en
dc.contributor.authorLyons, Timothy W.en
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-04T20:17:31Zen
dc.date.available2023-01-04T20:17:31Zen
dc.date.issued2013en
dc.date.updated2023-01-04T04:06:15Zen
dc.description.abstractThe Mesozoic Era is characterized by numerous oceanic anoxic events (OAEs) that are diagnostically expressed by widespread marine organic-carbon burial and coeval carbon-isotope excursions. Here we present coupled high-resolution carbon- and sulfurisotope data from four European OAE 2 sections spanning the Cenomanian-Turonian boundary that show roughly parallel positive excursions. Significantly, however, the interval of peak magnitude for carbon isotopes precedes that of sulfur isotopes with an estimated offset of a few hundred thousand years. Based on geochemical box modeling of organic-carbon and pyrite burial, the sulfur-isotope excursion can be generated by transiently increasing the marine burial rate of pyrite precipitated under euxinic (i.e., anoxic and sulfidic) water-column conditions. To replicate the observed isotopic offset, the model requires that enhanced levels of organic-carbon and pyrite burial continued a few hundred thousand years after peak organic-carbon burial, but that their isotope records responded differently due to dramatically different residence times for dissolved inorganic carbon and sulfate in seawater. The significant inference is that euxinia persisted post-OAE, but with its global extent dwindling over this time period. The model further suggests that only ∼5% of the global seafloor area was overlain by euxinic bottom waters during OAE 2. Although this figure is ∼30x greater than the small euxinic fraction present today (∼0.15%), the result challenges previous suggestions that one of the best-documented OAEs was defined by globally pervasive euxinic deep waters. Our results place important controls instead on local conditions and point to the difficulty in sustaining whole-ocean euxinia.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extentPages 18407-18412en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1305304110en
dc.identifier.eissn1091-6490en
dc.identifier.issn0027-8424en
dc.identifier.issue46en
dc.identifier.orcidGill, Benjamin [0000-0001-7402-0811]en
dc.identifier.other1305304110 (PII)en
dc.identifier.pmid24170863en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/113036en
dc.identifier.volume110en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherNational Academy of Sciencesen
dc.relation.urihttp://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000326830900035&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1en
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en
dc.subjectcarbonate-associated sulfuren
dc.subjectgeochemical modelingen
dc.subjectORBITAL TIME-SCALEen
dc.subjectSEAWATER CHEMISTRYen
dc.subjectCARBONen
dc.subjectSULFATEen
dc.subjectSEAen
dc.subjectPHOSPHORUSen
dc.subjectREDOXen
dc.subjectFLUCTUATIONSen
dc.subjectSTRATIGRAPHYen
dc.subjectTEMPERATURESen
dc.subject14 Life Below Wateren
dc.subject.meshHydrogen Sulfideen
dc.subject.meshOxygenen
dc.subject.meshSulfur Isotopesen
dc.subject.meshSeawateren
dc.subject.meshModels, Chemicalen
dc.subject.meshHistory, Ancienten
dc.subject.meshOceans and Seasen
dc.titleSulfur isotopes track the global extent and dynamics of euxinia during Cretaceous Oceanic Anoxic Event 2en
dc.title.serialProceedings of the National Academy of Sciencesen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherJOURen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Scienceen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Science/Geosciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Science/COS T&R Facultyen

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