MHONGOOSE: A MeerKAT nearby galaxy H I survey

Abstract

The MHONGOOSE (MeerKAT H I Observations of Nearby Galactic Objects: Observing Southern Emitters) survey maps the distribution and kinematics of the neutral atomic hydrogen (H I) gas in and around 30 nearby star-forming spiral and dwarf galaxies to extremely low H I column densities. The H I column density sensitivity (3 sigma over 16 km s(-1)) ranges from similar to 5 x 10(17) cm(-2) at 90 '' resolution to similar to 4 x 10(19) cm(-2) at the highest resolution of 7 ''. The H I mass sensitivity (3 sigma over 50 km s(-1)) is similar to 5.5 x 10(5) M-circle dot at a distance of 10 Mpc (the median distance of the sample galaxies). The velocity resolution of the data is 1.4 km s(-1). One of the main science goals of the survey is the detection of cold accreting gas in the outskirts of the sample galaxies. The sample was selected to cover a range in H I masses from 10(7) M-circle dot to almost 10(11) M-circle dot in order to optimally sample possible accretion scenarios and environments. The distance to the sample galaxies ranges from 3 to 23 Mpc. In this paper, we present the sample selection, survey design, and observation and reduction procedures. We compared the integrated H I fluxes based on the MeerKAT data with those derived from single-dish measurement and find good agreement, indicating that our MeerKAT observations are recovering all flux. We present H I moment maps of the entire sample based on the first ten percent of the survey data, and find that a comparison of the zeroth- and second-moment values shows a clear separation in the physical properties of the H I between areas with star formation and areas without related to the formation of a cold neutral medium. Finally, we give an overview of the H I-detected companion and satellite galaxies in the 30 fields, five of which have not previously been cataloged. We find a clear relation between the number of companion galaxies and the mass of the main target galaxy.