A 3-D Finite-Element Minipig Model to Assess Brain Biomechanical Responses to Blast Exposure

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dc.contributor.authorSundaramurthy, Aravinden
dc.contributor.authorKote, Vivek Bhaskaren
dc.contributor.authorPearson, Noahen
dc.contributor.authorBoiczyk, Gregory M.en
dc.contributor.authorMcNeil, Elizabeth M.en
dc.contributor.authorNelson, Allison J.en
dc.contributor.authorSubramaniam, Dhananjay Radhakrishnanen
dc.contributor.authorRubio, Jose E.en
dc.contributor.authorMonson, Kennethen
dc.contributor.authorHardy, Warren N.en
dc.contributor.authorVandeVord, Pamela J.en
dc.contributor.authorUnnikrishnan, Ginuen
dc.contributor.authorReifman, Jaquesen
dc.date.accessioned2022-03-08T18:41:28Zen
dc.date.available2022-03-08T18:41:28Zen
dc.date.issued2021-12-17en
dc.date.updated2022-03-08T18:41:24Zen
dc.description.abstractDespite years of research, it is still unknown whether the interaction of explosion-induced blast waves with the head causes injury to the human brain. One way to fill this gap is to use animal models to establish “scaling laws” that project observed brain injuries in animals to humans. This requires laboratory experiments and high-fidelity mathematical models of the animal head to establish correlates between experimentally observed blast-induced brain injuries and model-predicted biomechanical responses. To this end, we performed laboratory experiments on Göttingen minipigs to develop and validate a three-dimensional (3-D) high-fidelity finite-element (FE) model of the minipig head. First, we performed laboratory experiments on Göttingen minipigs to obtain the geometry of the cerebral vasculature network and to characterize brain-tissue and vasculature material properties in response to high strain rates typical of blast exposures. Next, we used the detailed cerebral vasculature information and species-specific brain tissue and vasculature material properties to develop the 3-D high-fidelity FE model of the minipig head. Then, to validate the model predictions, we performed laboratory shock-tube experiments, where we exposed Göttingen minipigs to a blast overpressure of 210 kPa in a laboratory shock tube and compared brain pressures at two locations. We observed a good agreement between the model-predicted pressures and the experimental measurements, with differences in maximum pressure of less than 6%. Finally, to evaluate the influence of the cerebral vascular network on the biomechanical predictions, we performed simulations where we compared results of FE models with and without the vasculature. As expected, incorporation of the vasculature decreased brain strain but did not affect the predictions of brain pressure. However, we observed that inclusion of the cerebral vasculature in the model changed the strain distribution by as much as 100% in regions near the interface between the vasculature and the brain tissue, suggesting that the vasculature does not merely decrease the strain but causes drastic redistributions. This work will help establish correlates between observed brain injuries and predicted biomechanical responses in minipigs and facilitate the creation of scaling laws to infer potential injuries in the human brain due to exposure to blast waves.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extent15 page(s)en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifierARTN 757755 (Article number)en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2021.757755en
dc.identifier.eissn2296-4185en
dc.identifier.issn2296-4185en
dc.identifier.orcidVandeVord, Pamela [0000-0003-3422-2704]en
dc.identifier.orcidHardy, Warren [0000-0002-2889-1947]en
dc.identifier.other757755 (PII)en
dc.identifier.pmid34976963en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/109217en
dc.identifier.volume9en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherFrontiersen
dc.relation.urihttp://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000738842900001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1en
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectLife Sciences & Biomedicineen
dc.subjectBiotechnology & Applied Microbiologyen
dc.subjectblast-induced traumatic brain injuryen
dc.subjectvasculatureen
dc.subjectbrain biomechanical responsesen
dc.subjectshock tubeen
dc.subjectblast exposureen
dc.subjectfinite-element modelen
dc.subjectHEADen
dc.subjectPIGen
dc.subject0699 Other Biological Sciencesen
dc.subject0903 Biomedical Engineeringen
dc.subject1004 Medical Biotechnologyen
dc.titleA 3-D Finite-Element Minipig Model to Assess Brain Biomechanical Responses to Blast Exposureen
dc.title.serialFrontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnologyen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherArticleen
dc.type.otherJournalen
dcterms.dateAccepted2021-11-17en
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Engineeringen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Engineering/Mechanical Engineeringen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/University Research Institutesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/University Research Institutes/Fralin Life Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Faculty of Health Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Engineering/COE T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/University Research Institutes/Fralin Life Sciences/Durelle Scotten
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Engineering/COE Administrationen

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Destination Area: Adaptive Brain and Behavior (ABB)
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