Identity formation among a select group of black graduate students at Virginia Tech

Abstract

This study concerned the nature and process of Black identity development as described by William Cross in a linear, stagewise model of Black identity development. Dr. Cross is a psychologist and Associate Professor in the Africana Studies and Research Center of Cornell University. He developed his model of Black identity development which he called the Negro to Black Conversion Experience in 1971. In 1991, modifications were made in the model by Cross which emphasized the diversity in African American identity. Cross's model included the stages of Pre-encounter, Encounter, Immersion-Emersion, Internalization, and Internalization-Commitment.