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Diversity and Dynamics of Salmonella enterica in Water Sources, Poultry Litters, and Field Soils Amended With Poultry Litter in a Major Agricultural Area of Virginia

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dc.contributor.authorGu, Ganyuen
dc.contributor.authorStrawn, Laura K.en
dc.contributor.authorZheng, Jieen
dc.contributor.authorReed, Elizabeth A.en
dc.contributor.authorRideout, Steven L.en
dc.coverage.countryUnited Statesen
dc.coverage.stateVirginiaen
dc.date.accessioned2021-10-18T12:56:39Zen
dc.date.available2021-10-18T12:56:39Zen
dc.date.issued2019-12-17en
dc.date.updated2021-10-18T12:56:33Zen
dc.description.abstractThe Eastern Shore of Virginia (ESV) is a major agricultural region in Virginia and in the past has been linked to some tomato-associated outbreaks of salmonellosis. In this study, water samples were collected weekly from irrigation ponds and wells in four representative vegetable farms (Farms A–D, each farm paired with one pond and one well) and a creek as well. In addition, water samples from two sites in the Chesapeake Bay on the ESV were collected monthly. Poultry litter was sampled monthly from three commercial broiler farms. Soil samples were collected monthly after fertilization with poultry litter from 10 farms in 2014 and another 14 farms in 2015. A most probable number method was used to detect Salmonella enterica presence and concentration in collected samples. Presumptive Salmonella colonies were confirmed by the cross-streaking method. Molecular serotyping was carried out to determine the Salmonella serovars. The average prevalence of Salmonella in pond, well, creek, and bay water samples was 19.3, 3.3, 24.2, and 29.2%, respectively. There were significant spatial and temporal differences for Salmonella incidence in various water sources. The prevalence of S. enterica in four tested ponds from farms A, B, C, and D were 16, 12, 22, and 27%, respectively. While the prevalence of S. enterica in irrigation wells was significantly lower, some well water samples tested positive during the study. Salmonella Newport was found to be the predominant serovar isolated from water samples. All poultry houses of the three tested broiler farms were Salmonella-positive at certain sampling points during the study with prevalence ranging from 14.3 to 35.4%. Salmonella was found to be able to survive up to 4 months in poultry litter amended soils from the tested farms in 2014, and up to 6 months in 2015. This research examined the dynamics of S. enterica in relationship to water source, poultry litter, and amended soil in a major agricultural area, and provides useful information for food safety risk assessments.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extent12 page(s)en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifierARTN 2868 (Article number)en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02868en
dc.identifier.eissn1664-302Xen
dc.identifier.issn1664-302Xen
dc.identifier.orcidGu, Ganyu [0000-0001-8434-8255]en
dc.identifier.orcidStrawn, Laura [0000-0002-9523-0081]en
dc.identifier.orcidRideout, Steven [0000-0001-9886-0428]en
dc.identifier.pmid31956319en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/105402en
dc.identifier.volume10en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherFrontiersen
dc.relation.urihttp://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000505026700001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1en
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectLife Sciences & Biomedicineen
dc.subjectMicrobiologyen
dc.subjectSalmonella distributionen
dc.subjectprevalenceen
dc.subjectserovaren
dc.subjectagricultural samplesen
dc.subjectenvironmental samplesen
dc.subjectfoodborne pathogensen
dc.subjectESCHERICHIA-COLI O157H7en
dc.subjectSEROVAR TYPHIMURIUMen
dc.subjectUNITED-STATESen
dc.subjectCONTAMINATED MANUREen
dc.subjectIRRIGATION WATERen
dc.subjectEASTERN SHOREen
dc.subjectRAW TOMATOESen
dc.subjectRISK-FACTORSen
dc.subjectNEWPORTen
dc.subjectSURVIVALen
dc.subjectwater sourcesen
dc.subjectpoultry litteren
dc.subjectsoilen
dc.subject0502 Environmental Science and Managementen
dc.subject0503 Soil Sciencesen
dc.subject0605 Microbiologyen
dc.titleDiversity and Dynamics of Salmonella enterica in Water Sources, Poultry Litters, and Field Soils Amended With Poultry Litter in a Major Agricultural Area of Virginiaen
dc.title.serialFrontiers in Microbiologyen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherArticleen
dc.type.otherJournalen
dcterms.dateAccepted2019-11-27en
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/Eastern Shore ARECen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/Food Science and Technologyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/University Research Institutesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/University Research Institutes/Fralin Life Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/CALS T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/University Research Institutes/Fralin Life Sciences/Durelle Scotten
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Post-docsen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/School of Plant and Environmental Sciencesen

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