Astrocyte Mechano-Activation by High-Rate Overpressure Involves Alterations in Structural and Junctional Proteins

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dc.contributor.authorHlavac, Noraen
dc.contributor.authorVandeVord, Pamela J.en
dc.contributor.departmentBiomedical Engineering and Mechanicsen
dc.date.accessioned2019-07-24T17:18:57Zen
dc.date.available2019-07-24T17:18:57Zen
dc.date.issued2019-02-22en
dc.description.abstractPrimary blast neurotrauma represents a unique injury paradigm characterized by high-rate overpressure effects on brain tissue. One major hallmark of blast neurotrauma is glial reactivity, notably prolonged astrocyte activation. This cellular response has been mainly defined in primary blast neurotrauma by increased intermediate filament expression. Because the intermediate filament networks physically interface with transmembrane proteins for junctional support, it was hypothesized that cell junction regulation is altered in the reactive phenotype as well. This would have implications for downstream transcriptional regulation via signal transduction pathways like nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB). Therefore, a custom high-rate overpressure simulator was built for in vitro testing using mechanical conditions based on intracranial pressure measurements in a rat model of blast neurotrauma. Primary rat astrocytes were exposed to isolated high-ratemechanical stimulation to study cell junction dynamics in relation to their mechano-activation. First, a time course for “classical” features of reactivity was devised by evaluation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression. This was followed by gene and protein expression for both gap junction (connexins) and anchoring junction proteins (integrins and cadherins). Signal transduction analysis was carried out by nuclear localization of two molecules, NF-kB p65 and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) p38. Results indicated significant increases in connexin-43 expression and PCNA first at 24 h post-overpressure (p < 0.05), followed by structural reactivity (via increased GFAP, p < 0.05) corresponding to increased anchoring junction dynamics at 48 h post-overpressure (p < 0.05). Moreover, increased phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) was observed in addition to increased nuclear localization of both p65 and p38 (p < 0.05) during the period of structural reactivity. To evaluate the transcriptional activity of p65 in the nucleus, electrophoretic mobility shift assay was conducted for a binding site on the promoter region for intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), an antagonist of tight junctions. A significant increase in the interaction of nuclear proteins with the NF-kB site on the ICAM-1 corresponded to increased gene and protein expression of ICAM-1 (p < 0.05).en
dc.format.extent16 pagesen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationHlavac N and VandeVord PJ (2019) Astrocyte Mechano-Activation by High-Rate Overpressure Involves Alterations in Structural and Junctional Proteins. Front. Neurol. 10:99. doi: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00099en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00099en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/91950en
dc.identifier.volume10en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherFrontiersen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectastrocyteen
dc.subjectoverpressureen
dc.subjectreactivityen
dc.subjectcadherinen
dc.subjectconnexinen
dc.subjectintegrinen
dc.subjectICAM-1en
dc.titleAstrocyte Mechano-Activation by High-Rate Overpressure Involves Alterations in Structural and Junctional Proteinsen
dc.title.serialFrontiers in Neurologyen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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Destination Area: Adaptive Brain and Behavior (ABB)
Scholarly Works, Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics