Application of biochar to soils may result in plant contamination and human cancer risk due to exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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dc.contributor.authorWang, Jianen
dc.contributor.authorXia, Kangen
dc.contributor.authorWaigi, Michael Gatheruen
dc.contributor.authorGao, Yanzhengen
dc.contributor.authorOdinga, Emmanuel Stephenen
dc.contributor.authorLing, Wantingen
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Juanen
dc.contributor.departmentSchool of Plant and Environmental Sciencesen
dc.date.accessioned2019-09-05T14:45:56Zen
dc.date.available2019-09-05T14:45:56Zen
dc.date.issued2018-12en
dc.description.abstractBiochars are added to soil to improve agronomic yield. This greenhouse- and field-scale study evaluated poly cyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in 35 commercial and laboratory-produced biochars, and assessed the effects of biochar amendment of soils on PAH accumulation in vegetables and the risk for cancer. The total and bioavailable PAH concentrations in biochars varied from 638 to 12,347 mu g/kg and from below the detection limit (BDL) to 2792 mu g/kg, respectively. PAH formation in biochars decreased with increasing production temperature (350-650 degrees C). Root exudates enhanced PAH release from biochars. The total PAH concentrations in eight edible vegetables growing in biochar-amended soil varied according to biochar and vegetables type from BDL to 565 mu g/kg. A health risk assessment framework was integrated with the benzo [a] pyrene toxic equivalency quotient and the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) to estimate the exposure risk for human beings via ingestion of PAH-contaminated vegetables. The total ILCR for adults was above 10(-6), which suggests a risk to human health from direct exposure to PAHs in vegetables grown in biochar-amended soil. These results demonstrate that biochar application may lead to contamination of plants with PAHs, which represents a risk to human health. The PAH levels in biochars produced using different conditions and/or feed-stocks need to be evaluated and biochars should be pretreated to remove PAHs before their large-scale agronomic application.en
dc.description.notesThis work was supported by the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Plan, China (BE2017718, BE2015682), the Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Research Fund, China (1706), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41771523, 41877125, 31770549), and the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in Public Interest, China (201503107).en
dc.description.sponsorshipJiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Plan, China [BE2017718, BE2015682]; Jiangsu Environmental Monitoring Research Fund, China [1706]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [41771523, 41877125, 31770549]; Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in Public Interest, China [201503107]en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.010en
dc.identifier.eissn1873-6750en
dc.identifier.issn0160-4120en
dc.identifier.pmid30212761en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/93394en
dc.identifier.volume121en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en
dc.subjectBiocharsen
dc.subjectSoilen
dc.subjectPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsen
dc.subjectVegetableen
dc.subjectIncremental lifetime cancer sken
dc.subjectRisk assessmenten
dc.titleApplication of biochar to soils may result in plant contamination and human cancer risk due to exposure of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsen
dc.title.serialEnvironment Internationalen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

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