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Ecology of the stalk borer Papaipema nebris (Guenee), (Lepidoptera:noctuidae), in the southwestern Virginia no-till corn agroecosystem

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dc.contributor.authorHighland, H. Bretten
dc.contributor.committeechairRoberts Sr., James E.en
dc.contributor.committeememberPienkowski, Robert L.en
dc.contributor.committeememberRavlin, F. Williamen
dc.contributor.committeememberRoane, Curtis W.en
dc.contributor.committeememberBrann, Daniel E.en
dc.contributor.departmentEntomologyen
dc.date.accessioned2014-08-13T14:38:25Zen
dc.date.available2014-08-13T14:38:25Zen
dc.date.issued1986en
dc.description.abstractThe stalk borer (SB), Papaipema nebris Gn. exhibited from 7 to 9 instars when reared on a meridic diet in a control-led environment. Both sexes went through variable numbers of instars before pupation. Head capsule width measurements did not form discrete sets, and overlap occurred between adjacent instars. In feeding preference tests with first instar larvae using either leaf disks or stem sections, higher numbers of larvae fed on grasses, such as orchardgrass, Dactylis glomerata L. or fescue, Festuca arundinacea Schreb., compared to numbers feeding on other plants. In no-choice laboratory and field tests, larvae tunnelled into plant stalks at the same frequency by which they would feed on foliage, showing a tendency to tunnel into plants they accept as hosts. Third or fourth instar larvae preferred to tunnel into orchardgrass and rye, Secale cereale Lover the other plants present in field cage tests. The SB prefers to oviposit on narrow leaved, perennial grasses, such as fescue and orchardgrass, over wide leaved annual grasses or broadleaf plants. Significantly higher numbers of eggs were laid on upright over prostrate plants in cage studies. The SB also preferred ovipositing on desiccating or dry plant material. Higher numbers of SB infested corn seedlings were found next to field margins compared to numbers found within fields. Contour and transect maps of SB infested fields showed considerable aggregation over three years, and this distribution was confirmed by high variance to mean ratios, and small k values. SB distribution in no-till corn can be adequately described by the negative binomial model. Field collections of SB in corn stalks showed 2, 3, or 4 instar larvae infesting the youngest seedlings. Variation existed in larval development from year to year. Linear regression covariance analysis showed that larval development was different between field collected larvae from year to year.en
dc.description.adminincomplete_metadataen
dc.description.degreePh. D.en
dc.format.extentxii, 131 leavesen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/49794en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
dc.relation.isformatofOCLC# 14471254en
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subject.lccLD5655.V856 1986.H533en
dc.subject.lcshNoctuidae -- Ecologyen
dc.subject.lcshCorn -- Diseases and pests -- Virginiaen
dc.subject.lcshNo-tillage -- Virginiaen
dc.titleEcology of the stalk borer Papaipema nebris (Guenee), (Lepidoptera:noctuidae), in the southwestern Virginia no-till corn agroecosystemen
dc.typeDissertationen
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
thesis.degree.disciplineEntomologyen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.leveldoctoralen
thesis.degree.namePh. D.en

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