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Does the Interaction between Vehicle Headlamps and Roadway Lighting Affect Visibility? A Study of Pedestrian and Object Contrast

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dc.contributor.authorBhagavathula, Rajaramen
dc.contributor.authorGibbons, Ronald B.en
dc.contributor.authorNussbaum, Maury A.en
dc.date.accessioned2020-07-06T14:53:37Zen
dc.date.available2020-07-06T14:53:37Zen
dc.date.issued2020-04-14en
dc.date.updated2020-07-06T14:41:06Zen
dc.description.abstractVehicle headlamps and roadway lighting are the major sources of illumination at night. These sources affect contrast-defined as the luminance difference of an object from its background-which drives visibility at night. However, the combined effect of vehicle headlamps and intersection lighting on object contrast has not been reported previously. In this study, the interactive effects of vehicle headlamps and overhead lighting on object contrast were explored based on earlier work that examined drivers' visibility under three intersection lighting designs (illuminated approach, illuminated box, and illuminated approach + box). The goals of this study were to: 1) quantify object luminance and contrast as a function of a vehicle's headlamps and its distance to an intersection using the three lighting designs; and, 2) to assess whether contrast influences visual performance and perceived visibility in a highly dynamic intersection environment. Both luminance and contrast of roadway visibility targets and a pedestrian were measured with a calibrated photometer at a realistic intersection. Both target and pedestrian contrast and luminance were substantially affected by the intersection lighting configuration, illuminance level, location at the intersection, and vehicle distance from the intersection. Objects also underwent changes in contrast polarity (positive to negative or vice-versa) as the distance between the vehicle and object changed. During these polarity transitions, objects became invisible because the contrast was zero. Negative contrast on targets was associated with higher visual performance. Within a given contrast polarity (positive vs. negative), visual performance depended on the magnitude of contrast, with higher contrast associated with higher visual performance. The relationship between pedestrian contrast and perceived visibility was complex, since pedestrians were often rendered in multiple contrasts. These findings have important implications for the lighting design of intersections and the development of nighttime pedestrian detection systems that rely on computer vision.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.4271/2020-01-0569en
dc.identifier.eissn0148-7191en
dc.identifier.issueAprilen
dc.identifier.orcidBhagavathula, Rajaram [0000-0002-1119-8169]en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/99275en
dc.identifier.volume2020-Aprilen
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherSAE Internationalen
dc.relation.ispartofWCX SAE World Congress Experienceen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.titleDoes the Interaction between Vehicle Headlamps and Roadway Lighting Affect Visibility? A Study of Pedestrian and Object Contrasten
dc.title.serialSAE Technical Papersen
dc.typeConference proceedingen
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherConference Proceedingen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/University Research Institutesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/University Research Institutes/Virginia Tech Transportation Instituteen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen

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