Analysis of polar compounds by supercritical fluid chromatography

The analysis of polar compounds has been studied by SFC using 100% CO₂ or methanol modified CO₂ as the mobile phase. Both microbore packed and capillary columns are employed to separate the mixtures of steroids and agricultural compounds of various chemical classes such as amides, sulfonamides and ureas. The highly deactivated and crosslinked stationary phases used for both packed and capillary columns afford the elution of polar analytes with 100% CO₂ which in turn makes the on-line FT-IR detection of these analytes feasible. The flow cell interface is employed which provides very low detection limits. Spectra with high signal to noise ratio are obtained for the analytes with real time data acquisition.

Some polar and structurally similar triazine herbicides are separated using a gradient mobile phase and a rapid separation of all the components with complete resolution is achieved. The effect of flow rate, column outlet pressure and the temperature on resolution is also studied for these analytes.

The performance of microbore packed and capillary columns is compared using polar and nonvolatile solutes and the retention and resolution offered by both the columns are also compared. Several van Deemter plots are generated at various constant operating densities and temperatures. Also, the effect of density and temperature on efficiency and resolution is studied for capillary column with split and splitless injection techniques. Several conclusions regarding the favorable operating conditions in each case can be drawn based on the results obtained here.