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Impact of the introduced predator, Laricobius nigrinus, on ovisacs of the overwintering generation of hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United States

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dc.contributor.authorJubb, Carrie S.en
dc.contributor.authorHeminger, Ariel R.en
dc.contributor.authorMayfield, Albert E.en
dc.contributor.authorElkinton, Joseph S.en
dc.contributor.authorWiggins, Gregory J.en
dc.contributor.authorGrant, Jerome F.en
dc.contributor.authorLombardo, Jeffrey A.en
dc.contributor.authorMcAvoy, Thomas J.en
dc.contributor.authorCrandall, Ryan S.en
dc.contributor.authorSalom, Scott M.en
dc.contributor.departmentEntomologyen
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-18T19:17:45Zen
dc.date.available2021-03-18T19:17:45Zen
dc.date.issued2020-04en
dc.description.abstractHemlock woolly adelgid (HWA), Adelges tsugae Annand (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), is an invasive pest causing significant mortality to eastern and Carolina hemlock in eastern North America. Since 2003, management of HWA has included targeted release of the HWA predator Laricobius nigrinus Fender (Coleoptera: Derodontidae), native to western North America. Establishment of L. nigrinus at release sites is well documented, but investigations of its impact on HWA populations have been limited. A four-year (2014-2018), two-phase study using predator exclusion cages to assess the impact of L. nigrinus on HWA was conducted at nine previous release sites in the eastern United States. Significantly more HWA sistens ovisacs were disturbed on no-cage and open-cage branches than on caged branches where predators were excluded. Mean disturbance levels on cage, no-cage and open-cage branches was 8, 38, and 27 percent, respectively. Seven of nine sites had a mean HWA ovisac disturbance greater than 50% for at least one year. Winter temperatures were also a significant factor in overall mortality of the sistens generation with a mean of 46% on study branches. Six of nine sites had a mean overall mortality (winter mortality and predation) greater than 80% for at least one year. Larvae of Laricobius spp. were recovered at all sites during this study. Sequencing of the COI gene from recoveries in Phase One (2015 and 2016) indicated that 88% were L. nigrinus and 12% were L. rubidus LeConte. Microsatellite analysis performed during Phase Two (2017 and 2018) indicated that approximately 97% of larval recoveries were L. nigrinus, 2% were hybrids of L. nigrinus and L. rubidus, and 1% were L. rubidus. Results of this study suggest that L. nigrinus can significantly impact the HWA sistens generation ovisacs and continued investment in the use of this species as a biological control is recommended.en
dc.description.adminPublic domain – authored by a U.S. government employeeen
dc.description.notesWe gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Dr. Thomas Kuhar and Dr. Douglas Pfieffer (Virginia Tech) for review of this project, as well as Dr. Carlyle Brewster (Virginia Tech) for assistance with data analysis. We thank Dr. Nathan Havill (USDA Forest Service), Kari Stanley (Virginia Tech), and Melissa Fischer (Washington State Department of Natural Resources) for assistance with molecular protocols, as well as Mark Mayer (New Jersey Department of Agriculture), Scott Passwaters (James River State Park), Biff Thompson (Maryland Department of Agriculture), Jesse Webster (Great Smoky Mountains National Park), and the staff at Blackberry Farm (Tennessee) for site assistance. Thank you to Arthur Morgan School, Celo Community, and the Chattahoochee National Forest for permission to use sites in NC and GA. We are grateful to Natalie Morris, Kara Jeffries, Andy Dechaine, Ryan Mays, Ashley Toland, and James Wahls (Virginia Tech), Bryan Mudder and Andrew Tait (USDA Forest Service), David Bechtel, Philip Hensley, Elizabeth McCarty, Forest Palmer, Pat Parkman, and David Paulsen (University of Tennessee), and Peter Menzies, Marika Lapham, and Ivy Haas (University of North Carolina Asheville), for laboratory and field assistance. This work was funded under USDA Forest Service cooperative agreement 14-CA-11420004-028.en
dc.description.sponsorshipUSDA Forest Service cooperative agreementUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA)United States Forest Service [14-CA-11420004-028]en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.104180en
dc.identifier.eissn1090-2112en
dc.identifier.issn1049-9644en
dc.identifier.other104180en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/102744en
dc.identifier.volume143en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsPublic Domainen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/en
dc.subjectBiological controlen
dc.subjectAdelges tsugaeen
dc.subjectLaricobius nigrinusen
dc.subjectPredatoren
dc.subjectImpacten
dc.subjectTsuga canadensisen
dc.titleImpact of the introduced predator, Laricobius nigrinus, on ovisacs of the overwintering generation of hemlock woolly adelgid in the eastern United Statesen
dc.title.serialBiological Controlen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

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