Thallium isotopes reveal protracted anoxia during the Toarcian (Early Jurassic) associated with volcanism, carbon burial, and mass extinction

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dc.contributor.authorThem, Theodore R.en
dc.contributor.authorGill, Benjamin C.en
dc.contributor.authorCaruthers, Andrew H.en
dc.contributor.authorGerhardt, Angela M.en
dc.contributor.authorGrocke, Darren R.en
dc.contributor.authorLyons, Timothy W.en
dc.contributor.authorMarroquin, Selva M.en
dc.contributor.authorNielsen, Sune G.en
dc.contributor.authorAlexandre, Joao P. Trabuchoen
dc.contributor.authorOwens, Jeremy D.en
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-04T19:54:10Zen
dc.date.available2023-01-04T19:54:10Zen
dc.date.issued2018-06-26en
dc.date.updated2023-01-04T03:49:16Zen
dc.description.abstractFor this study, we generated thallium (Tl) isotope records from two anoxic basins to track the earliest changes in global bottom water oxygen contents over the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event (T-OAE; ∼183 Ma) of the Early Jurassic. The T-OAE, like other Mesozoic OAEs, has been interpreted as an expansion of marine oxygen depletion based on indirect methods such as organic-rich facies, carbon isotope excursions, and biological turnover. Our Tl isotope data, however, reveal explicit evidence for earlier global marine deoxygenation of ocean water, some 600 ka before the classically defined T-OAE. This antecedent deoxygenation occurs at the Pliensbachian/Toarcian boundary and is coeval with the onset of initial large igneous province (LIP) volcanism and the initiation of a marine mass extinction. Thallium isotopes are also perturbed during the T-OAE interval, as defined by carbon isotopes, reflecting a second deoxygenation event that coincides with the acme of elevated marine mass extinctions and the main phase of LIP volcanism. This suggests that the duration of widespread anoxic bottom waters was at least 1 million years in duration and spanned early to middle Toarcian time. Thus, the Tl data reveal a more nuanced record of marine oxygen depletion and its links to biological change during a period of climatic warming in Earth’s past and highlight the role of oxygen depletion on past biological evolution.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extentPages 6596-6601en
dc.format.extent6 page(s)en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1803478115en
dc.identifier.eissn1091-6490en
dc.identifier.issn0027-8424en
dc.identifier.issue26en
dc.identifier.orcidGill, Benjamin [0000-0001-7402-0811]en
dc.identifier.other1803478115 (PII)en
dc.identifier.pmid29891692en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/113033en
dc.identifier.volume115en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherNational Academy of Sciencesen
dc.relation.urihttp://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000436245000051&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1en
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en
dc.subjectToarcian Oceanic Anoxic Eventen
dc.subjectEarly Jurassicen
dc.subjectthallium isotopesen
dc.subjectcarbon isotope excursionen
dc.subjectlarge igneous provinceen
dc.subjectORGANIC-MATTERen
dc.subjectOCEAN ANOXIAen
dc.subjectEVENTen
dc.subjectPRESERVATIONen
dc.subjectSEDIMENTSen
dc.subjectSTAGEen
dc.subjectFRACTIONATIONen
dc.subjectGEOCHEMISTRYen
dc.subjectPERTURBATIONen
dc.subjectCONSTRAINTSen
dc.subject.meshCarbonen
dc.subject.meshOxygenen
dc.subject.meshThalliumen
dc.subject.meshIsotopesen
dc.subject.meshThallium Radioisotopesen
dc.subject.meshOrganic Chemicalsen
dc.subject.meshAtmosphereen
dc.subject.meshSeawateren
dc.subject.meshGeologic Sedimentsen
dc.subject.meshHistory, Ancienten
dc.subject.meshCanadaen
dc.subject.meshExtinction, Biologicalen
dc.subject.meshVolcanic Eruptionsen
dc.subject.meshClimate Changeen
dc.subject.meshAquatic Organismsen
dc.subject.meshGreenhouse Gasesen
dc.titleThallium isotopes reveal protracted anoxia during the Toarcian (Early Jurassic) associated with volcanism, carbon burial, and mass extinctionen
dc.title.serialProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Americaen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherArticleen
dc.type.otherJournalen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Scienceen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Science/Geosciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Science/COS T&R Facultyen

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