Interactions between the rust fungus Puccinia carduorum Jacky and the musk thistle herbivores Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer), Rhinocyllus conicus Froelich (Curculionidae: Coleoptera), and Cassida rubiginosa Muller (Coleoptera; Chrysomelidae)

The compatibility of the rust fungus Puccinia carduorum Jacky with three biological control agents, Trichosirocalus horridus (Panzer), rhinocvllus conicus Froelich, and Cassida rubiginosa Müller and their combined impact on must thistle, Carduus thoermeri Weinmann were studied.