Evaluation of Initial Flavor Fade in Fresh Roasted Peanuts using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection, Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry, Sensory Analysis, and Chemosensory Techniques

dc.contributor.authorPowell, Jodien
dc.contributor.committeechairO'Keefe, Sean F.en
dc.contributor.committeememberEigel, William N. IIIen
dc.contributor.committeememberDuncan, Susan E.en
dc.contributor.committeememberWilliams, Robert C.en
dc.contributor.committeememberMallikarjunan, Parameswarakumaren
dc.contributor.departmentFood Science and Technologyen
dc.date.accessioned2014-03-14T20:16:52Zen
dc.date.adate2004-11-17en
dc.date.available2014-03-14T20:16:52Zen
dc.date.issued2004-08-27en
dc.date.rdate2007-11-17en
dc.date.sdate2004-09-28en
dc.description.abstractPreventing flavor fade requires an understanding of the relationship between carbonyl amine and lipid oxidation reactions. The polyunsaturated fatty acid content of lipids in peanuts makes them more susceptible to lipid oxidation. The major by-products of the oxidation reaction are nonanal, hexanal, octanal, and decanal. These chemicals are associated with cardboardy, painty, and oxidized flavors associated with flavor fade. The carbonyl-amine reaction yields a variety of pyrazines with positive flavor attributes. Initial flavor notes were explored through sensory work, Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry, and chemical analysis. The fresh roasted volatiles produced from roasted peanuts and the aldehydes resulting from oxidation were also evaluated using GC-FID to quantify and identify the pyrazines and hexanal over a 21 day storage period. Electronic Nose was used to determine differences between storage periods. Gas chromatography-Olfactometry identified potent pyrazines contributing to fresh roasted peanutty aroma in fresh peanuts. Using GC-FID a significant decrease (p<.05) in 2-ethylpyrazine and 2,3-diethylpyrazine concentration was found over a 21-day period. No significant difference (p>0.05) was noted in the other pyrazines evaluated. A significant increase (p<0.05) was noted in the hexanal concentration over a 21-day period. The peroxide values and sensory analysis correlated directly with the GC-FID results with a significant increase (p<0.05) in peroxide value at Day 14 and Day 21, and a significant decrease (p<0.05) in fresh roasted peanuty flavor from days 0-21 and a significant increase (p<.05) in painty, cardboardy and bitter from days 7-21. The electronic nose successfully separated Day 0 and Day 21 samples from Day 7 and 14, which were also separated, but with minimal overlap.en
dc.description.degreePh. D.en
dc.identifier.otheretd-09282004-153221en
dc.identifier.sourceurlhttp://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09282004-153221/en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/29127en
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.relation.haspartdissertationpdf.pdfen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectsolid phase microextractionen
dc.subjectgas chromatography-olfactometryen
dc.subjectroasted peanutsen
dc.subjectPyrazinesen
dc.titleEvaluation of Initial Flavor Fade in Fresh Roasted Peanuts using Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection, Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry, Sensory Analysis, and Chemosensory Techniquesen
dc.typeDissertationen
thesis.degree.disciplineFood Science and Technologyen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.leveldoctoralen
thesis.degree.namePh. D.en

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