Characterizing the Phenotypic Responses of Escherichia coli to Multiple 4-Carbon Alcohols with Raman Spectroscopy
| dc.contributor.author | Zu, Theresah N. K. | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Athamneh, Ahmad I. M. | en |
| dc.contributor.author | Senger, Ryan S. | en |
| dc.contributor.department | Biological Systems Engineering | en |
| dc.date.accessioned | 2017-09-20T18:24:45Z | en |
| dc.date.available | 2017-09-20T18:24:45Z | en |
| dc.date.issued | 2016-01-25 | en |
| dc.date.updated | 2017-09-20T18:24:45Z | en |
| dc.description.abstract | The phenotypic responses of <i>E. coli</i> cells exposed to 1.2% (<i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) of 1-butanol, 2-butanol, isobutanol, <i>tert</i>-butanol, and 1,4-butanediol were studied in near real-time using Raman spectroscopy. A method of “chemometric fingerprinting” was employed that uses multivariate statistics (principal component analysis and linear discriminant analysis) to identify <i>E. coli</i> phenotypic changes over a 180 min post-treatment time-course. A toxicity study showed extreme variability among the reduction in culture growth, with 1-butanol showing the greatest toxicity and 1,4-butanediol showing relatively no toxicity. Chemometric fingerprinting showed distinct phenotype clusters according to the type of alcohol: (i) 1-butanol and 2-butanol (straight chain alcohols); (ii) isobutanol and <i>tert</i>-butanol (branched chain alcohols); and (iii) control and 1,4-butanediol (no terminal alkyl end) treated cells. While the isobutanol and <i>tert</i>-butanol treated cells led to similar phenotypic responses, isobutanol was significantly more toxic. In addition, the phenotypic response was found to take place largely within 60 min of culture treatment; however, significant responses (especially for 1,4-butanediol) were still occurring at 180 min post-treatment. The methodology presented here identified different phenotypic responses to seemingly similar 4-carbon alcohols and can be used to study phenotypic responses of virtually any cell type under any set of environmental conditions or genetic manipulations. | en |
| dc.description.version | Published version | en |
| dc.format.mimetype | application/pdf | en |
| dc.identifier.citation | Zu, T.N.K.; Athamneh, A.I.M.; Senger, R.S. Characterizing the Phenotypic Responses of Escherichia coli to Multiple 4-Carbon Alcohols with Raman Spectroscopy. Fermentation 2016, 2, 3. | en |
| dc.identifier.doi | https://doi.org/10.3390/fermentation2010003 | en |
| dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79267 | en |
| dc.language.iso | en | en |
| dc.publisher | MDPI | en |
| dc.rights | Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International | en |
| dc.rights.uri | http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ | en |
| dc.subject | Raman spectroscopy | en |
| dc.subject | chemometric fingerprinting | en |
| dc.subject | linear discriminant analysis | en |
| dc.subject | alcohol toxicity | en |
| dc.title | Characterizing the Phenotypic Responses of Escherichia coli to Multiple 4-Carbon Alcohols with Raman Spectroscopy | en |
| dc.title.serial | Fermentation | en |
| dc.type | Article - Refereed | en |
| dc.type.dcmitype | Text | en |