Ancient and modern colonization of North America by hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), an invasive insect from East Asia

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dc.contributor.authorHavill, Nathan P.en
dc.contributor.authorShiyake, Shigehikoen
dc.contributor.authorGalloway, Ashley Lamben
dc.contributor.authorFoottit, Robert G.en
dc.contributor.authorYu, Guoyueen
dc.contributor.authorParadis, Annieen
dc.contributor.authorElkinton, Joseph S.en
dc.contributor.authorMontgomery, Michael E.en
dc.contributor.authorSano, Masakazuen
dc.contributor.authorCaccone, Adalgisaen
dc.contributor.departmentEntomologyen
dc.date.accessioned2020-04-22T13:51:37Zen
dc.date.available2020-04-22T13:51:37Zen
dc.date.issued2016-05en
dc.description.abstractHemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae, is an invasive pest of hemlock trees (Tsuga) in eastern North America. We used 14 microsatellites and mitochondrial COI sequences to assess its worldwide genetic structure and reconstruct its colonization history. The resulting information about its life cycle, biogeography and host specialization could help predict invasion by insect herbivores. We identified eight endemic lineages of hemlock adelgids in central China, western China, Ulleung Island (South Korea), western North America, and two each in Taiwan and Japan, with the Japanese lineages specializing on different Tsuga species. Adelgid life cycles varied at local and continental scales with different sexual, obligately asexual and facultatively asexual lineages. Adelgids in western North America exhibited very high microsatellite heterozygosity, which suggests ancient asexuality. The earliest lineages diverged in Asia during Pleistocene glacial periods, as estimated using approximate Bayesian computation. Colonization of western North America was estimated to have occurred prior to the last glacial period by adelgids directly ancestral to those in southern Japan, perhaps carried by birds. The modern invasion from southern Japan to eastern North America caused an extreme genetic bottleneck with just two closely related clones detected throughout the introduced range. Both colonization events to North America involved host shifts to unrelated hemlock species. These results suggest that genetic diversity, host specialization and host phylogeny are not predictive of adelgid invasion. Monitoring non-native sentinel host trees and focusing on invasion pathways might be more effective methods of preventing invasion than making predictions using species traits or evolutionary history.en
dc.description.adminPublic domain – authored by a U.S. government employeeen
dc.description.notesThis project was supported by USDA NIFA Award 2007-35302-18097, the US Forest Service Northern and Southern Research Stations and the Yale Institute for Biospheric Studies. Andrea Gloria-Soria, Talbot Trotter and Sandy Liebhold provided comments on an early draft. We are grateful to Eric Maw who helped with laboratory work, to Darcy Nelson, with US Forest Service International Programs, who facilitated collecting logistics, and to our many colleagues who collected samples for this project.en
dc.description.sponsorshipUSDA NIFA Award [2007-35302-18097]; US Forest Service Northern and Southern Research Stations; Yale Institute for Biospheric Studiesen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1111/mec.13589en
dc.identifier.eissn1365-294Xen
dc.identifier.issn0962-1083en
dc.identifier.issue9en
dc.identifier.pmid26880353en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/97881en
dc.identifier.volume25en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCC0 1.0 Universalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/en
dc.subjectcomplex life cycleen
dc.subjectcyclical parthenogenesisen
dc.subjecthost rangeen
dc.subjectinvasive speciesen
dc.titleAncient and modern colonization of North America by hemlock woolly adelgid, Adelges tsugae (Hemiptera: Adelgidae), an invasive insect from East Asiaen
dc.title.serialMolecular Ecologyen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

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