Inferring the Genetic Basis of Sex Determination from the Genome of a Dioecious Nightshade

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dc.contributor.authorWu, Mengen
dc.contributor.authorHaak, David C.en
dc.contributor.authorAnderson, Gregory J.en
dc.contributor.authorHahn, Matthew W.en
dc.contributor.authorMoyle, Leonie C.en
dc.contributor.authorGuerrero, Rafael F.en
dc.contributor.departmentSchool of Plant and Environmental Sciencesen
dc.date.accessioned2021-07-21T14:28:40Zen
dc.date.available2021-07-21T14:28:40Zen
dc.date.issued2021-07en
dc.description.abstractDissecting the genetic mechanisms underlying dioecy (i.e., separate female and male individuals) is critical for understanding the evolution of this pervasive reproductive strategy. Nonetheless, the genetic basis of sex determination remains unclear in many cases, especially in systems where dioecy has arisen recently. Within the economically important plant genus Solanum (similar to 2,000 species), dioecy is thought to have evolved independently at least 4 times across roughly 20 species. Here, we generate the first genome sequence of a dioecious Solanum and use it to ascertain the genetic basis of sex determination in this species. We de novo assembled and annotated the genome of Solanum appendiculatum (assembly size: similar to 750 Mb scaffold N50: 0.92 Mb; similar to 35,000 genes), identified sex-specific sequences and their locations in the genome, and inferred that males in this species are the heterogametic sex. We also analyzed gene expression patterns in floral tissues of males and females, finding approximately 100 genes that are differentially expressed between the sexes. These analyses, together with observed patterns of gene-family evolution specific to S. appendiculatum, consistently implicate a suite of genes from the regulatory network controlling pectin degradation and modification in the expression of sex. Furthermore, the genome of a species with a relatively young sex-determination system provides the foundational resources for future studies on the independent evolution of dioecy in this Glade.en
dc.description.notesWe are grateful to J.L. Kostyun for help in the laboratory and greenhouse, and to the editor and anonymous reviewer for helpful comments. This work was done with support from National Science Foundation (USA NSF Grant No. IOS-1127059) and the Department of Biology at Indiana University. Previous support from NSF, and the University of Connecticut, supported the field collections and greenhouse experiments with Solanum appendiculatum.en
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Science Foundation (USA NSF)National Science Foundation (NSF) [IOS-1127059]; Department of Biology at Indiana Universityen
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msab089en
dc.identifier.eissn1537-1719en
dc.identifier.issn0737-4038en
dc.identifier.issue7en
dc.identifier.pmid33769517en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/104242en
dc.identifier.volume38en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/en
dc.subjectsex chromosomeen
dc.subjectsex evolutionen
dc.subjectgenome assemblyen
dc.subjectdioecyen
dc.subjectSolanumen
dc.titleInferring the Genetic Basis of Sex Determination from the Genome of a Dioecious Nightshadeen
dc.title.serialMolecular Biology and Evolutionen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

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