GAFA's information infrastructure distribution: Interconnection dynamics in the global North versus global South

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dc.contributor.authorRosa, Fernanda R.en
dc.contributor.authorHauge, Janice A.en
dc.date.accessioned2022-01-25T19:38:17Zen
dc.date.available2022-01-25T19:38:17Zen
dc.date.issued2021-12-14en
dc.date.updated2022-01-25T19:38:14Zen
dc.description.abstractWe analyze public points of interconnection of Google, Amazon, Facebook, and Apple (GAFA) in the global North versus the global South to determine the degree to which their location preferences differ, if at all. We find that there is a statistically significant difference in GAFA locating in the global North versus the global South—a difference based on a country's wealth, specifically as given by per capita GNI. Approximately 38% of countries classified as global North have a GAFA public point of interconnection, while 16% of those classified as global South do. Apple has approximately 92% of its presence in the global North, followed by Amazon (82.5%), Facebook (73%), and Google (72%). Our findings suggest that competition and antitrust policy discussions of digital platforms should include information on the dynamics of interconnection infrastructure distribution, and for that, such information must be available. We also assert that a global consideration of the digital platforms market is necessary.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extent26 page(s)en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1002/poi3.278en
dc.identifier.eissn1944-2866en
dc.identifier.issn1944-2866en
dc.identifier.orcidRibeiro Rosa, Fernanda [0000-0001-6677-8403]en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/107913en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherWileyen
dc.relation.urihttp://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000729917900001&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1en
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/en
dc.subjectSocial Sciencesen
dc.subjectCommunicationen
dc.subjectPolitical Scienceen
dc.subjectGovernment & Lawen
dc.subjectcontent delivery networksen
dc.subjectcompetition policyen
dc.subjectGAFAen
dc.subjectglobal Southen
dc.subjectinternet exchange pointsen
dc.subjectINTERNETen
dc.subjectCHALLENGESen
dc.subject1605 Policy and Administrationen
dc.subject2001 Communication and Media Studiesen
dc.titleGAFA's information infrastructure distribution: Interconnection dynamics in the global North versus global Southen
dc.title.serialPolicy and Interneten
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherArticleen
dc.type.otherEarly Accessen
dc.type.otherJournalen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Liberal Arts and Human Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Liberal Arts and Human Sciences/Science and Technology in Societyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Liberal Arts and Human Sciences/CLAHS T&R Facultyen

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