Development of a High-Throughput Method to Study the Inhibitory Effect of Phytochemicals on Trimethylamine Formation

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dc.contributor.authorIglesias-Carres, Lisarden
dc.contributor.authorEssenmacher, Lauren A.en
dc.contributor.authorRacine, Kathryn C.en
dc.contributor.authorNeilson, Andrew P.en
dc.contributor.departmentFood Science and Technologyen
dc.date.accessioned2021-05-14T13:13:31Zen
dc.date.available2021-05-14T13:13:31Zen
dc.date.issued2021-04-26en
dc.date.updated2021-05-13T14:32:36Zen
dc.description.abstractCholine is metabolized by the gut microbiota into trimethylamine (TMA), the precursor of pro-atherosclerotic molecule trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO). A reduction in TMA formation has shown cardioprotective effects, and some phytochemicals may reduce TMA formation. This study aimed to develop an optimized, high-throughput anaerobic fermentation methodology to study the inhibition of choline microbial metabolism into TMA by phenolic compounds with healthy human fecal starter. Optimal fermentation conditions were: 20% fecal slurry (1:10 in PBS), 100 µM choline, and 12 h fermentation. Additionally, 10 mM of 3,3-dimethyl-1-butanol (DMB) was defined as a positive TMA production inhibitor, achieving a ~50% reduction in TMA production. Gallic acid and chlorogenic acid reported higher TMA inhibitory potential (maximum of 80–90% TMA production inhibition), with IC<sub>50</sub> around 5 mM. Neither DMB nor gallic acid or chlorogenic acid reduced TMA production through cytotoxic effects, indicating mechanisms such as altered TMA-lyase activity or expression.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationIglesias-Carres, L.; Essenmacher, L.A.; Racine, K.C.; Neilson, A.P. Development of a High-Throughput Method to Study the Inhibitory Effect of Phytochemicals on Trimethylamine Formation. Nutrients 2021, 13, 1466.en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051466en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/103283en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherMDPIen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectatherosclerosisen
dc.subjectgallic aciden
dc.subjectchlorogenic aciden
dc.subjectmicrobiotaen
dc.subjecttrimethylamineen
dc.titleDevelopment of a High-Throughput Method to Study the Inhibitory Effect of Phytochemicals on Trimethylamine Formationen
dc.title.serialNutrientsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen
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