Molecular action of pyriproxyfen: Role of the Methoprene-tolerant protein in the pyriproxyfen-induced sterilization of adult female mosquitoes

dc.contributor.authorAhmed, Tahmina Hossainen
dc.contributor.authorSaunders, T. Randolphen
dc.contributor.authorMullins, Donald E.en
dc.contributor.authorRahman, Mohammad Zilluren
dc.contributor.authorZhu, Jinsongen
dc.contributor.departmentBiochemistryen
dc.contributor.departmentEntomologyen
dc.date.accessioned2020-10-08T12:49:07Zen
dc.date.available2020-10-08T12:49:07Zen
dc.date.issued2020-08en
dc.description.abstractExposure of adult mosquitoes to pyriproxyfen (PPF), an analog of insect juvenile hormone (JH), has shown promise to effectively sterilize female mosquitoes. However, the underlying mechanisms of the PPF-induced decrease in mosquito fecundity are largely unknown. We performed a comprehensive study to dissect the mode of PPF action inAedes aegyptimosquitoes. Exposure to PPF prompted the overgrowth of primary follicles in sugar-fedAe.aegyptifemales but blocked the development of primary follicles at Christopher's Stage III after blood feeding. Secondary follicles were precociously activated in PPF-treated mosquitoes. Moreover, PPF substantially altered the expression of many genes that are essential for mosquito physiology and oocyte development in the fat body and ovary. In particular, many metabolic genes were differentially expressed in response to PPF treatment, thereby affecting the mobilization and utilization of energy reserves. Furthermore, PPF treatment on the previtellogenic female adults considerably modified mosquito responses to JH and 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), two major hormones that govern mosquito reproduction. Kruppel homolog 1, a JH-inducible transcriptional regulator, showed consistently elevated expression after PPF exposure. Conversely, PPF upregulated the expression of several key players of the 20E regulatory cascades, includingHR3andE75A, in the previtellogenic stage. After blood-feeding, the expression of these 20E response genes was significantly weaker in PPF-treated mosquitoes than the solvent-treated control groups. RNAi-mediated knockdown of the Methoprene-tolerant (Met) protein, the JH receptor, partially rescued the impaired follicular development after PPF exposure and substantially increased the hatching of the eggs produced by PPF-treated female mosquitoes. Thus, the results suggested that PPF relied on Met to exert its sterilizing effects on female mosquitoes. In summary, this study finds that PPF exposure disturbs normal hormonal responses and metabolism inAe.aegypti, shedding light on the molecular targets and the downstream signaling pathways activated by PPF. Author summary Aedes aegyptimosquitoes are responsible for the transmission of dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika fever. Insecticides are widely used as the primary tool in the prevention and control of these infectious diseases. In light of the rapid increase of insecticide resistance in mosquito populations, there is an urgent need to find new classes of insecticides with a different mode of action. Here we found that pyriproxyfen, an analog of insect juvenile hormone (JH), had a large impact on the oocyte development, both before and after blood feeding, in female mosquitoes. Pyriproxyfen disturbed normal hormonal responses and caused metabolic shifting in female adults. These actions appear to collectively impair oocyte development and substantially reduce viable progenies of female mosquitoes. Besides, we demonstrated the involvement of the JH receptor Met in pyriproxyfen-induced female sterilization. This study significantly advances our understanding of mosquito reproductive biology and the molecular basis of pyriproxyfen action, which are invaluable for the development of new mosquito control strategies.en
dc.description.notesThis work was supported by the National Institutes of Health Grant R01 AI099250 (to J.Z.). Funding for this work was also provided, in part, by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and the Hatch Program (accession no. 1021832) of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.en
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Institutes of HealthUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA [R01 AI099250]; Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture [1021832]; Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture [1021832]en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008669en
dc.identifier.issn1935-2735en
dc.identifier.issue8en
dc.identifier.othere0008669en
dc.identifier.pmid32866146en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/100310en
dc.identifier.volume14en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.titleMolecular action of pyriproxyfen: Role of the Methoprene-tolerant protein in the pyriproxyfen-induced sterilization of adult female mosquitoesen
dc.title.serialPlos Neglected Tropical Diseasesen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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