Blend ratios and mixtures of brown patch susceptible and resistant tall fescue cultivars

Abstract

Brown patch (Rhizoctonia spp.) is a major disease of turf-type tall fescue (TF) [Schedonorus arundinaceus (Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.]. Many cool-season turfgrass lawns consist of species mixtures or cultivar blends, but the exact proportion of resistant cultivars in blends and mixtures to effectively reduce disease has not been well documented. A field study was conducted in West Lafayette, IN, and Blacksburg, VA, during 2022 and 2023 to determine the brown patch severity of various blend ratios (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% by weight) using a brown patch susceptible and resistant TF cultivar. Additionally, mixtures (90% and 10% by weight, respectively) of TF and Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) with a susceptible and resistant TF cultivar were evaluated. Seasonal appearance/turf quality and brown patch severity were visually determined, and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) was calculated. Turf quality and brown patch severity were similar at both locations. Additionally, blends and mixtures containing >= 75% of the resistant cultivar maintained higher average visual quality across both locations compared to the susceptible cultivar alone. Between the two mixtures, the inclusion of a resistant TF cultivar maintained higher canopy density and increased the proportion of TF at both locations. Blends and mixtures containing >= 75% of a resistant cultivar reduced brown patch AUDPC by 71% and 83% in 2022 and 2023, respectively, when compared to the 100% susceptible cultivar. This field study reinforces the importance of selecting resistant TF cultivars to reduce seasonal brown patch symptoms in cool-season turfgrass lawns. Increasing the proportion of a resistant tall fescue cultivar in a blend significantly reduced brown patch severity. Turfgrass quality increased as the proportion of a resistant tall fescue cultivar increased in a blend. A brown patch-resistant cultivar in tall fescue: Kentucky bluegrass mix increased density and fescue composition. The proportion of Kentucky bluegrass significantly increased over time in tall fescue: Kentucky bluegrass mixtures.