Addressing the Contribution of Indirect Potable Reuse to Inland Freshwater Salinization

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dc.contributor.authorBhide, Shantanu V.en
dc.contributor.authorGrant, Stanley B.en
dc.contributor.authorParker, Emily A.en
dc.contributor.authorRippy, Megan A.en
dc.contributor.authorGodrej, Adil N.en
dc.contributor.authorKaushal, Sujay S.en
dc.contributor.authorPrelewicz, Gregoryen
dc.contributor.authorSaji, Niffyen
dc.contributor.authorCurtis, Shannonen
dc.contributor.authorVikesland, Peter J.en
dc.contributor.authorMaile-Moskowitz, Ayellaen
dc.contributor.authorEdwards, Marc A.en
dc.contributor.authorLopez, Kathrynen
dc.contributor.authorBirkland, Thomas A.en
dc.contributor.authorSchenk, Todden
dc.contributor.departmentCivil and Environmental Engineeringen
dc.contributor.departmentCenter for Coastal Studiesen
dc.contributor.departmentSchool of Public and International Affairsen
dc.date.accessioned2021-02-17T18:51:35Zen
dc.date.available2021-02-17T18:51:35Zen
dc.date.issued2021-02-02en
dc.date.updated2021-02-17T18:51:32Zen
dc.description.abstractInland freshwater salinity is rising worldwide, a phenomenon called the freshwater salinization syndrome (FSS). We investigate a potential conflict between managing the FSS and indirect potable reuse, the practice of augmenting water supplies through the addition of reclaimed wastewater to surface waters and groundwaters. From time-series data collected over 25 years, we quantify the contributions of three salinity sources—a wastewater reclamation facility and two rapidly urbanizing watersheds—to the rising concentration of sodium (a major ion associated with the FSS) in a regionally important drinking water reservoir in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Sodium mass loading to the reservoir is primarily from watershed runoff during wet weather and reclaimed wastewater during dry weather. Across all timescales evaluated, sodium concentration in the reclaimed wastewater is higher than in outflow from the two watersheds. Sodium in reclaimed wastewater originates from chemicals added during wastewater treatment, industrial and commercial discharges, human excretion, and down-drain disposal of drinking water and sodium-rich household products. Thus, numerous opportunities exist to reduce the contribution of indirect potable reuse to sodium pollution at this site, and the FSS more generally. These efforts will require deliberative engagement with a diverse community of watershed stakeholders and careful consideration of the local political, social, and environmental context.en
dc.description.versionAccepted versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.orcidGrant, Stanley [0000-0001-6221-7211]en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/102385en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsIn Copyright (InC)en
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.titleAddressing the Contribution of Indirect Potable Reuse to Inland Freshwater Salinizationen
dc.title.serialNature Sustainabilityen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherArticleen
dcterms.dateAccepted2021-02-02en
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Engineeringen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Engineering/Civil & Environmental Engineeringen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Engineering/COE T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen

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Destination Area: Global Systems Science (GSS)
Scholarly Works, Center for Coastal Studies
Scholarly Works, Civil and Environmental Engineering
Scholarly Works, School of Public and International Affairs