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Multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 509 I. Variability and spectral energy distribution

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dc.contributorVirginia Techen
dc.contributor.authorKaastra, J. S.en
dc.contributor.authorPetrucci, P. O.en
dc.contributor.authorCappi, M.en
dc.contributor.authorArav, Nahumen
dc.contributor.authorBehar, E.en
dc.contributor.authorBianchi, S.en
dc.contributor.authorBloom, J.en
dc.contributor.authorBlustin, A. J.en
dc.contributor.authorBranduardi-Raymont, G.en
dc.contributor.authorCostantini, E.en
dc.contributor.authorDadina, M.en
dc.contributor.authorDetmers, R. G.en
dc.contributor.authorEbrero, J.en
dc.contributor.authorJonker, P. G.en
dc.contributor.authorKlein, C.en
dc.contributor.authorKriss, G. A.en
dc.contributor.authorLubinski, P.en
dc.contributor.authorMalzac, J.en
dc.contributor.authorMehdipour, M.en
dc.contributor.authorPaltani, S.en
dc.contributor.authorPinto, C.en
dc.contributor.authorPonti, G.en
dc.contributor.authorRatti, E. M.en
dc.contributor.authorSmith, R. A. N.en
dc.contributor.authorSteenbrugge, K. C.en
dc.contributor.authorde Vries, C. P.en
dc.contributor.departmentPhysicsen
dc.date.accessed2013-12-05en
dc.date.accessioned2013-12-06T13:58:48Zen
dc.date.available2013-12-06T13:58:48Zen
dc.date.issued2011-10en
dc.description.abstractContext. Active galactic nuclei (AGN) show a wealth of interesting physical processes, some of which are poorly understood. In a broader context, they play an important role in processes that are far beyond their immediate surroundings, owing to the high emitted power. Aims. We want to address a number of open questions, including the location and physics of the outflow from AGN, the nature of the continuum emission, the geometry and physical state of the X-ray broad emission line region, the Fe-K line complex, the metal abundances of the nucleus, and finally the interstellar medium of our own Galaxy as seen through the signatures it imprints on the X-ray and UV spectra of AGN. Methods. We study one of the best targets for these aims, the Seyfert 1 galaxy Mrk 509 with a multiwavelength campaign using five satellites (XMM-Newton, INTEGRAL, Chandra, HST, and Swift) and two ground-based facilities (WHT and PAIRITEL). Our observations cover more than five decades in frequency, from 2 μm to 200 keV. The combination of high-resolution spectroscopy and time variability allows us to disentangle and study the different components. Our campaign covers 100 days from September to December 2009, and is centred on a simultaneous set of deep XMM-Newton and INTEGRAL observations with regular time intervals, spanning seven weeks. Results. We obtain a continuous light curve in the X-ray and UV band, showing a strong, up to 60% flux increase in the soft X-ray band during the three weeks in the middle of our deepest monitoring campaign, and which is correlated with an enhancement of the UV flux. This allows us to study the time evolution of the continuum and the outflow. By stacking the observations, we have also obtained one of the best X-ray and UV spectra of a Seyfert galaxy ever obtained. In this paper we also study the effects of the spectral energy distribution (SED) that we obtained on the photo-ionisation equilibrium. Thanks to our broad-band coverage, uncertainties on the SED do not strongly affect the determination of this equilibrium. Conclusions. Here we present our very successful campaign and in a series of subsequent papers we will elaborate on different aspects of our study.en
dc.description.sponsorshipESA Member Statesen
dc.description.sponsorshipUSA (NASA)en
dc.description.sponsorshipNWO, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Researchen
dc.description.sponsorshipCNESen
dc.description.sponsorshipFrench GDR PCHEen
dc.description.sponsorshipASI-INAF I/088/06/0en
dc.description.sponsorshipNASA/XMM NNX09AR01Gen
dc.description.sponsorshipNASA through Space Telescope Science Instituteen
dc.description.sponsorshipISFen
dc.description.sponsorshipSTFCen
dc.description.sponsorshipPolish MNiSW NN20306593, 362/1/N-INTEGRAL/2008/09/0en
dc.description.sponsorshipUK Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC)en
dc.description.sponsorshipEU FP7-PEOPLE-2009-IEF-254279en
dc.description.sponsorshipComite Mixto ESO - Gobierno de Chileen
dc.description.sponsorshipNASA NAS5-26555en
dc.identifier.citationKaastra, J. S. ; Petrucci, P-O. ; Cappi, M. ; et al., Oct. 2011. “Multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 509 I. Variability and spectral energy distribution,” ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS 534:A36. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201116869en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201116869en
dc.identifier.issn0004-6361en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/24437en
dc.identifier.urlhttp://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2011/10/aa16869-11.pdfen
dc.language.isoen_USen
dc.publisherEDP Sciencesen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectgalaxies: activeen
dc.subjectquasars: absorption linesen
dc.subjectX-rays: generalen
dc.subjectactive galactic nucleien
dc.subjectgalaxy markarian 509en
dc.subjectx-ray spectroscopyen
dc.subjectreflection grating spectrometeren
dc.subjectquasar outflow contributionen
dc.subjectseyferten
dc.subjecttype-1 galaxiesen
dc.subjectemission-line spectraen
dc.subjectxmm-newtonen
dc.subjectabsorption-lineen
dc.subjectphysical conditionsen
dc.subjectAstronomy & Astrophysicsen
dc.titleMultiwavelength campaign on Mrk 509 I. Variability and spectral energy distributionen
dc.title.serialAstronomy & Astrophysicsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden

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