Survival of Twelve Pathogenic and Generic Escherichia coli Strains in Agricultural Soils as Influenced by Strain, Soil Type, Irrigation Regimen, and Soil Amendment

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dc.contributor.authorMurphy, Claire M.en
dc.contributor.authorWeller, Daniel L.en
dc.contributor.authorBardsley, Cameron A.en
dc.contributor.authorIngram, David T.en
dc.contributor.authorChen, Yuhuanen
dc.contributor.authorOryang, Daviden
dc.contributor.authorRideout, Steven L.en
dc.contributor.authorStrawn, Laura K.en
dc.date.accessioned2025-01-27T18:12:06Zen
dc.date.available2025-01-27T18:12:06Zen
dc.date.issued2024-08-13en
dc.description.abstractBiological soil amendments of animal origin (BSAAO) play an important role in agriculture but can introduce pathogens into soils. Pathogen survival in soil is widely studied, but data are needed on the impacts of strain variability and field management practices. This study monitored the population of 12 Escherichia coli strains (generic, O157, and non-O157) in soils while evaluating the interactions of soil type, irrigation regimen, and soil amendment in three independent, greenhouse-based, randomized complete block design trials. Each E. coli strain (4–5 log10 CFU/g) was homogenized in bovine manure amended or nonamended sandy-loam or clay-loam soil. E. coli was enumerated in 25 g samples on 0, 0.167 (4 h), 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, 14, 21, 28, 56, 84, 112, 168, 210, 252, and 336 days postinoculation (dpi). Regression analyses were developed to understand the impact of strain, soil type, irrigation regimen, and soil amendment on inactivation rates. E. coli survived for 112 to 336 dpi depending on the treatment combination. Pathogenic and generic E. coli survived 46 days [95% Confidence interval (CI) = 20.85, 64.72; p = 0.001] longer in soils irrigated weekly compared to daily and 146 days (CI = 114.50, 184.50; p < 0.001) longer in amended soils compared to unamended soils. Pathogenic E. coli strains were nondetectable 69 days (CI = 39.58, 98.66, p = 0.015) earlier than generic E. coli strains. E. coli inactivation rates demonstrated a tri-phasic pattern, with breakpoints at 26 dpi (CI = 22.3, 29.2) and 130 dpi (CI = 121.0, 138.1). The study findings demonstrate that using bovine manure as BSAAO in soil enhances E. coli survival, regardless of strain, and adequate food safety practices are needed to reduce the risk of crop contamination. The findings of this study contribute data on E. coli concentrations in amended soils to assist stakeholders and regulators in making risk-based decisions on time intervals between the application of BSAAO and the production and harvest of fruits and vegetables.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extent11 page(s)en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifierARTN 100343 (Article number)en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfp.2024.100343en
dc.identifier.eissn1944-9097en
dc.identifier.issn0362-028Xen
dc.identifier.issue10en
dc.identifier.orcidStrawn, Laura [0000-0002-9523-0081]en
dc.identifier.otherS0362-028X(24)00127-3 (PII)en
dc.identifier.pmid39147099en
dc.identifier.urihttps://hdl.handle.net/10919/124395en
dc.identifier.volume87en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherElsevieren
dc.relation.urihttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39147099en
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en
dc.subjectE. coli O157:H7en
dc.subjectGeneric Escherichia colien
dc.subjectInactivation ratesen
dc.subjectManureen
dc.subjectPersistenceen
dc.subjectProduce preharvest environmenten
dc.subject.meshAnimalsen
dc.subject.meshCattleen
dc.subject.meshHumansen
dc.subject.meshEscherichia colien
dc.subject.meshManureen
dc.subject.meshSoilen
dc.subject.meshColony Count, Microbialen
dc.subject.meshSoil Microbiologyen
dc.subject.meshAgricultureen
dc.subject.meshAgricultural Irrigationen
dc.titleSurvival of Twelve Pathogenic and Generic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Strains in Agricultural Soils as Influenced by Strain, Soil Type, Irrigation Regimen, and Soil Amendmenten
dc.title.serialJournal of Food Protectionen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherArticleen
dc.type.otherJournalen
dcterms.dateAccepted2024-08-09en
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Techen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/Food Science and Technologyen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-groupVirginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/CALS T&R Facultyen

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