Association of Salivary Cholinesterase With Arthropod Vectors of Disease

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dc.contributor.authorTemeyer, Kevin B.en
dc.contributor.authorSchlechte, Kristie G.en
dc.contributor.authorOlafson, Pia U.en
dc.contributor.authorDrolet, Barbara S.en
dc.contributor.authorTidwell, Jason P.en
dc.contributor.authorOsbrink, Weste L. A.en
dc.contributor.authorShowler, Allan T.en
dc.contributor.authorGross, Aaron D.en
dc.contributor.authorde Leon, Adalberto A. Perezen
dc.contributor.departmentEntomologyen
dc.date.accessioned2021-03-09T14:27:49Zen
dc.date.available2021-03-09T14:27:49Zen
dc.date.issued2020-11en
dc.description.abstractAcetylcholinesterase (AChE) was previously reported to be present in saliva of the southern cattle tick, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini), with proposed potential functions to 1) reduce acetylcholine toxicity during rapid engorgement, 2) modulate host immune responses, and 3) to influence pathogen transmission and establishment in the host. Potential modulation of host immune responses might include participation in salivary-assisted transmission and establishment of pathogens in the host as has been reported for a number of arthropod vector-borne diseases. If the hypothesis that tick salivary AChE may alter host immune responses is correct, we reasoned that similar cholinesterase activities might be present in saliva of additional arthropod vectors. Here, we report the presence of AChE-like activity in the saliva of southern cattle ticks, Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus; the lone star tick, Amblyomma americanum (Linnaeus); Asian tiger mosquitoes, Aedes albopictus (Skuse); sand flies, Phlebotomus papatasi (Scopoli); and biting midges, Culicoides sonorensis Wirth and Jones. Salivary AChE-like activity was not detected for horn flies Haematobia irritans (L.), stable flies Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), and house flies Musca domestica L. Salivary cholinesterase (ChE) activities of arthropod vectors of disease-causing agents exhibited various Michaelis-Menten K-M values that were each lower than the K-M value of bovine serum AChE. A lower K-M value is indicative of higher affinity for substrate and is consistent with a hypothesized role in localized depletion of host tissue acetylcholine potentially modulating host immune responses at the arthropod bite site that may favor ectoparasite blood-feeding and alter host defensive responses against pathogen transmission and establishment.en
dc.description.adminPublic domain – authored by a U.S. government employeeen
dc.description.notesWe acknowledge the excellent technical assistance of Megan Davis, Mary K. Huerta, and Greta Buckmeier. This work was funded by U.S. Department of Agriculture appropriated funds, CRIS #3094-32000-038-00D and funds (708-3094-008, and 772-3094-013) from the Deployed Warfighter Protection Research Program of the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (including USDA-ARS CRADA number 603094-6-006; Project number 3094-32000-038-29O and USDA-ARS CRADA number 60-3094-7-005; Project number 3094-32000-038-35O). Bovine blood collection was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Protocol Committee of the KBUSLIRL (IACUC approval #2017-06). USDA is an equal opportunity employer and provider.en
dc.description.sponsorshipU.S. Department of AgricultureUnited States Department of Agriculture (USDA) [3094-32000-038-00D]; Deployed Warfighter Protection Research Program of the U.S. Department of Defense through the Armed Forces Pest Management Board (USDA-ARS CRADA) [708-3094-008, 772-3094-013, 603094-6-006, 3094-32000-038-29O, 60-3094-7-005, 3094-32000-038-35O]en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjaa096en
dc.identifier.eissn1938-2928en
dc.identifier.issn0022-2585en
dc.identifier.issue6en
dc.identifier.pmid32459332en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/102639en
dc.identifier.volume57en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsPublic Domainen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/en
dc.subjectvector-borne diseaseen
dc.subjectsalivary-assisted transmissionen
dc.subjecthost-parasite interactionen
dc.subjectacetylcholinesteraseen
dc.subjectcholinergic immunomodulationen
dc.titleAssociation of Salivary Cholinesterase With Arthropod Vectors of Diseaseen
dc.title.serialJournal of Medical Entomologyen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

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