Reusing Treated Wastewater: Consideration of the Safety Aspects Associated with Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes

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dc.contributor.authorHong, Pei-Yingen
dc.contributor.authorJulian, Timothy R.en
dc.contributor.authorPype, Marie-Laureen
dc.contributor.authorJiang, Sunny C.en
dc.contributor.authorNelson, Kara L.en
dc.contributor.authorGraham, Daviden
dc.contributor.authorPruden, Amyen
dc.contributor.authorManaia, Célia M.en
dc.contributor.departmentCivil and Environmental Engineeringen
dc.date.accessioned2018-10-31T16:57:43Zen
dc.date.available2018-10-31T16:57:43Zen
dc.date.issued2018-02-27en
dc.date.updated2018-10-31T15:26:02Zen
dc.description.abstractAs more countries engage in water reuse, either intended or de facto, there is an urgent need to more comprehensively evaluate resulting environmental and public health concerns. While antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) are increasingly coming under the spotlight, as emerging contaminants, existing water reuse regulations and guidelines do not adequately address these concerns. This perspectives paper seeks to frame the various challenges that need to be resolved to identify meaningful and realistic target types and levels of antibiotic resistance benchmarks for water reuse. First, there is the need for standardized and agreed-upon methodologies to identify and quantify ARB and ARGs. Second, even if methodologies are available, identifying which ARB and ARGs to monitor that would best relate to the occurrence of disease burden remains unknown. Third, a framework tailored to assessing the risks associated with ARB and ARGs during reuse is urgently needed. Fourth, similar to protecting drinking water sources, strategies to prevent dissemination of ARB and ARGs via wastewater treatment and reuse are required to ensure that appropriate barriers are emplaced. Finally, current wastewater treatment technologies could benefit from modification or retrofit to more effectively remove ARB and ARGs while also producing a high quality product for water and resource recovery. This perspectives paper highlights the need to consider ARB and ARGs when evaluating the overall safety aspects of water reuse and ways by which this may be accomplished.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationHong, P.-Y.; Julian, T.R.; Pype, M.-L.; Jiang, S.C.; Nelson, K.L.; Graham, D.; Pruden, A.; Manaia, C.M. Reusing Treated Wastewater: Consideration of the Safety Aspects Associated with Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genes. Water 2018, 10, 244.en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3390/w10030244en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/85599en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherMDPIen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectwater reuseen
dc.subjectwastewater treatmenten
dc.subjectsource preventionen
dc.subjectmonitoring and surveillanceen
dc.subjectrisk assessmenten
dc.titleReusing Treated Wastewater: Consideration of the Safety Aspects Associated with Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria and Antibiotic Resistance Genesen
dc.title.serialWateren
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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Journal Articles, Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)
Destination Area: Global Systems Science (GSS)
Scholarly Works, Civil and Environmental Engineering