Microwave Lens Designs: Optimization, Fast Simulation Algorithms, and 360-Degree Scanning Techniques

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dc.contributor.authorDong, Junweien
dc.contributor.committeechairZaghloul, Amir I.en
dc.contributor.committeememberDavis, William A.en
dc.contributor.committeememberXu, Yongen
dc.contributor.committeememberPaul, JoAnn M.en
dc.contributor.committeememberLu, Chang-Tienen
dc.contributor.committeememberWeiss, Steven J.en
dc.contributor.departmentElectrical and Computer Engineeringen
dc.date.accessioned2014-03-14T20:16:39Zen
dc.date.adate2009-10-30en
dc.date.available2014-03-14T20:16:39Zen
dc.date.issued2009-09-11en
dc.date.rdate2009-10-30en
dc.date.sdate2009-09-24en
dc.description.abstractMicrowave lenses support low-phase error, wideband, wide-angle scanning, and true-time delay (TTD) beam forming. They provide ideal performance for applications such as satellites, remote-piloted vehicles, collision-avoidance radars and ultra-wideband communications systems. The emerging printed lenses in recent years have facilitated the advancement of designing high performance but low-profile, light-weight, and small-size beam-forming networks (BFNs). The microwave lens adopts a few beam ports to illuminate the prescribed receiving ports that feed energy into radiating antennas. Multi-beam patterns can be achieved by exciting multiple beam ports at a time. The design process starts with path-length equations from a limited number of beam-port foci assumptions. This constraint does not take into account the amplitude information; however, it allows an initial lens geometry to be solved. The resulted scanning angle of microwave lens is limited by the beam port contour, as such ± 90 degrees. In this dissertation, three contributions are made from the aspects of minimized phase errors, accurate and efficient simulation algorithms, and 360-degree scanning range extension. First, a minimum-phase-error, non-focal lens design method is proposed. It does not require a specific number of foci along the beam contour; however, minimum phase errors for all beam ports are able to be achieved. The proposed method takes into account flexible prescribed geometrical design parameters, and adopts numerical optimization algorithms to perform phase error minimization. Numerical results compared with the published tri-focal and quadru-focal lenses demonstrate the merits of the proposed method. Second, an accurate and fast simulation method for the microwave lens has been developed to predict the phase, amplitude, array factor, and power efficiency performance. The proposed method is compared to both full-wave simulation and measurement. Comparable results have been achieved. Third, a novel method for a 360-degree scanning microwave lens is proposed. This concept uses the beam ports and the receive ports in an interleaving sequence such that adjacent ports alternate beam and receive functions. The result is a lens that produces scanned beams on opposite sides of the structure resulting in a 360-degree scanning range. The structure can use multiple opposing facets or continuous circular-port and radiating-element contours. To prove the concept, a four-facet microstrip lens has been designed, simulated, fabricated, and tested. The comparison between full-wave simulation and measurement has demonstrated good agreement.en
dc.description.degreePh. D.en
dc.identifier.otheretd-09242009-195704en
dc.identifier.sourceurlhttp://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-09242009-195704/en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/29081en
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.relation.haspartDong_J_D_2009.pdfen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectrotman lensen
dc.subjectmicrowave lensen
dc.subjectmultifunctional arrayen
dc.subjectprinted lensen
dc.subjectbeam-forming networken
dc.subjectminimum phase erroren
dc.subjectfast simulationen
dc.subject360-degree scanningen
dc.titleMicrowave Lens Designs: Optimization, Fast Simulation Algorithms, and 360-Degree Scanning Techniquesen
dc.typeDissertationen
thesis.degree.disciplineElectrical and Computer Engineeringen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.leveldoctoralen
thesis.degree.namePh. D.en

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