Low Xanthophylls, Retinol, Lycopene, and Tocopherols in Grey and White Matter of Brains with Alzheimer's Disease

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dc.contributor.authorDorey, C. Kathleenen
dc.contributor.authorGierhart, Dennisen
dc.contributor.authorFitch, Karlotta A.en
dc.contributor.authorCrandell, Ianen
dc.contributor.authorCraft, Neal E.en
dc.contributor.editorPolidori, M. Christinaen
dc.date.accessioned2022-09-30T12:39:04Zen
dc.date.available2022-09-30T12:39:04Zen
dc.date.issued2022-08-16en
dc.date.updated2022-09-29T19:50:21Zen
dc.description.abstractBackground: Oxidative stress contributes to pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Higher levels of the dietary antioxidants- carotenoids and tocopherols- are associated with better cognitive functions and lower risk for AD, and lower levels of multiple carotenoids are found in serum and plasma of patients with AD. Although brains donated by individuals with mild cognitive impairment had significantly lower levels of lutein and beta-carotene, previous investigators found no significant difference in carotenoid levels of brains with AD and cognitively normal brains. Objective: This study tested the hypothesis that micronutrients are significantly lower in donor brains with AD than in healthy elderly brains. Methods: Samples of donor brains with confirmed AD or verified health were dissected into grey and white matter, extracted with organic solvents and analyzed by HPLC. Results: AD brains had significantly lower levels of lutein, zeaxanthin, anhydrolutein, retinol, lycopene, and alpha-tocopherol, and significantly increased levels of XMiAD, an unidentified xanthophyll metabolite. No meso-zeaxanthin was detected. The overlapping protective roles of xanthophylls, carotenes, α- and γ-tocopherol are discussed. Conclusion: Brains with AD had substantially lower concentrations of some, but not all, xanthophylls, carotenes, and tocopherols, and several-fold higher concentrations of an unidentified xanthophyll metabolite increased in AD (XMiAD).en
dc.description.versionAccepted versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3233/jad-220460en
dc.identifier.eissn1875-8908en
dc.identifier.issn1387-2877en
dc.identifier.otherJAD220460 (PII)en
dc.identifier.pmid35988225en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/112036en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherIOS Pressen
dc.relation.urihttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/35988225en
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectAlzheimer’s diseaseen
dc.subjectantioxidantsen
dc.subjectbrainen
dc.subjectcarotenoidsen
dc.subjectdeficiencyen
dc.subjectluteinen
dc.subjectlycopeneen
dc.subjectmeso-zeaxanthinen
dc.subjectoxidationen
dc.subjecttocopherolsen
dc.subjectzeaxanthinen
dc.subjectDementiaen
dc.subjectPreventionen
dc.subjectBrain Disordersen
dc.subjectNeurosciencesen
dc.subjectAgingen
dc.subjectNutritionen
dc.subjectAlzheimer's Diseaseen
dc.subjectAlzheimer's Disease including Alzheimer's Disease Related Dementias (AD/ADRD)en
dc.subjectClinical Researchen
dc.subjectNeurodegenerativeen
dc.subjectAcquired Cognitive Impairmenten
dc.subject2.1 Biological and endogenous factorsen
dc.subject2 Aetiologyen
dc.subjectNeurologicalen
dc.titleLow Xanthophylls, Retinol, Lycopene, and Tocopherols in Grey and White Matter of Brains with Alzheimer's Diseaseen
dc.title.serialJournal of Alzheimer's Diseaseen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherJournal Articleen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/VT Carilion School of Medicineen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/VT Carilion School of Medicine/Basic Scienceen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/VT Carilion School of Medicine/Basic Science/Basic Scienceen

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