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AvrRxo1 Is a Bifunctional Type III Secreted Effector and Toxin-Antitoxin System Component with Homologs in Diverse Environmental Contexts

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dc.contributor.authorTriplett, Lindsay R.en
dc.contributor.authorShidore, Tejaen
dc.contributor.authorLong, John J.en
dc.contributor.authorMiao, Jiaminen
dc.contributor.authorWu, Shuchien
dc.contributor.authorHan, Qianen
dc.contributor.authorZhou, Changheen
dc.contributor.authorIshihara, Hiromichien
dc.contributor.authorLi, Jianyongen
dc.contributor.authorZhao, Bingyu Y.en
dc.contributor.authorLeach, Jan E.en
dc.contributor.departmentBiochemistryen
dc.contributor.departmentSchool of Plant and Environmental Sciencesen
dc.date.accessioned2018-08-03T19:31:26Zen
dc.date.available2018-08-03T19:31:26Zen
dc.date.issued2016-07-08en
dc.description.abstractToxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are ubiquitous bacterial systems that may function in genome maintenance and metabolic stress management, but are also thought to play a role in virulence by helping pathogens survive stress. We previously demonstrated that the Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola protein AvrRxo1 is a type III-secreted virulence factor that has structural similarities to the zeta family of TA toxins, and is toxic to plants and bacteria in the absence of its predicted chaperone Arc1. In this work, we confirm that AvrRxo1 and its binding partner Arc1 function as a TA system when expressed in Escherichia coli. Sequences of avrRxo1 homologs were culled from published and newly generated phytopathogen genomes, revealing that avrRxo1:arc1 modules are rare or frequently inactivated in some species and highly conserved in others. Cloning and functional analysis of avrRxo1 from Acidovorax avenae, A. citrulli, Burkholderia andropogonis, Xanthomonas translucens, and Xanthomonas euvesicatoria showed that some AvrRxo1 homologs share the bacteriostatic and Rxo1-mediated cell death triggering activities of AvrRxo1 from X. oryzae. Additional distant putative homologs of avrRxo1 and arc1 were identified in genomic or metagenomic sequence of environmental bacteria with no known pathogenic role. One of these distant homologs was cloned from the filamentous soil bacterium Cystobacter fuscus. avrRxo1 from C. fuscus caused watersoaking and triggered Rxo1-dependent cell collapse in Nicotiana benthamiana, but no growth suppression in E. coli was observed. This work confirms that a type III effector can function as a TA system toxin, and illustrates the potential of microbiome data to reveal new environmental origins or reservoirs of pathogen virulence factors.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0158856en
dc.identifier.eissn1932-6203en
dc.identifier.issue7en
dc.identifier.othere0158856en
dc.identifier.pmid27391081en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/84493en
dc.identifier.volume11en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherPLOSen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.titleAvrRxo1 Is a Bifunctional Type III Secreted Effector and Toxin-Antitoxin System Component with Homologs in Diverse Environmental Contextsen
dc.title.serialPLOS ONEen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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