Pulse of atmospheric oxygen during the late Cambrian

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dc.contributor.authorSaltzman, Matthew R.en
dc.contributor.authorYoung, Seth A.en
dc.contributor.authorKump, Lee R.en
dc.contributor.authorGill, Benjamin C.en
dc.contributor.authorLyons, Timothy W.en
dc.contributor.authorRunnegar, Bruceen
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-04T20:25:51Zen
dc.date.available2023-01-04T20:25:51Zen
dc.date.issued2011en
dc.date.updated2023-01-04T04:10:39Zen
dc.description.abstractA rise in atmospheric O2 has been linked to the Cambrian explosion of life. For the plankton and animal radiation that began some 40 million yr later and continued through much of the Ordovician (Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event), the search for an environmental trigger(s) has remained elusive. Here we present a carbon and sulfur isotope mass balance model for the latest Cambrian time interval spanning the globally recognized Steptoean Positive Carbon Isotope Excursion (SPICE) that indicates a major increase in atmospheric O2. We estimate that this organic carbon and pyrite burial event added approximately 19 x 1018 moles of O 2 to the atmosphere (i.e., equal to change from an initial starting point for O2 between 10-18% to a peak of 20-28% O2) beginning at approximately 500 million years. We further report on new paired carbon isotope results from carbonate and organic matter through the SPICE in North America, Australia, and China that reveal an approximately 2‰ increase in biological fractionation, also consistent with a major increase in atmospheric O2. The SPICE is followed by an increase in plankton diversity that may relate to changes in macro- and micronutrient abundances in increasingly oxic marine environments, representing a critical initial step in the trophic chain. Ecologically diverse plankton groups could provide new food sources for an animal biota expanding into progressively more ventilated marine habitats during the Ordovician, ultimately establishing complex ecosystems that are a hallmark of the Great Ordovician Biodiversification Event.en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.extentPages 3876-3881en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1011836108en
dc.identifier.eissn1091-6490en
dc.identifier.issn0027-8424en
dc.identifier.issue10en
dc.identifier.orcidGill, Benjamin [0000-0001-7402-0811]en
dc.identifier.other1011836108 (PII)en
dc.identifier.pmid21368152en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/113038en
dc.identifier.volume108en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherNational Academy of Sciencesen
dc.relation.urihttp://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000288120400016&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=930d57c9ac61a043676db62af60056c1en
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/en
dc.subjectevolutionen
dc.subjectclimate changeen
dc.subjectstable isotopeen
dc.subjectPaleozoicen
dc.subjectdinoflagellateen
dc.subjectORDOVICIAN BIODIVERSIFICATION EVENTen
dc.subjectCARBON-ISOTOPE EXCURSIONen
dc.subjectORGANIC-MATTERen
dc.subjectGLOBAL CARBONen
dc.subjectMARINE LIFEen
dc.subjectFRACTIONATIONen
dc.subjectSPICEen
dc.subjectO-2en
dc.subjectDIVERSITYen
dc.subject14 Life Below Wateren
dc.titlePulse of atmospheric oxygen during the late Cambrianen
dc.title.serialProceedings of the National Academy of Sciencesen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherJOURen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Scienceen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Science/Geosciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Science/COS T&R Facultyen

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