Modeling and estimating the feedback mechanisms among depression, rumination, and stressors in adolescents

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dc.contributor.authorHosseinichimeh, Niyoushaen
dc.contributor.authorWittenborn, Andrea K.en
dc.contributor.authorRick, Jenniferen
dc.contributor.authorJalali, Mohammad S.en
dc.contributor.authorRahmandad, Hazhiren
dc.contributor.departmentIndustrial and Systems Engineeringen
dc.date.accessioned2019-01-18T19:04:14Zen
dc.date.available2019-01-18T19:04:14Zen
dc.date.issued2018-09-27en
dc.description.abstractThe systemic interactions among depressive symptoms, rumination, and stress are important to understanding depression but have not yet been quantified. In this article, we present a system dynamics simulation model of depression that captures the reciprocal relationships among stressors, rumination, and depression. Building on the response styles theory, this model formalizes three interdependent mechanisms: 1) Rumination contributes to `keeping stressors alive'; 2) Rumination has a direct impact on depressive symptoms; and 3) Both `stressors kept alive' and current depressive symptoms contribute to rumination. The strength of these mechanisms is estimated using data from 661 adolescents (353 girls and 308 boys) from two middle schools (grades 6–8). These estimates indicate that rumination contributes to depression by keeping stressors `alive' — and the individual activated — even after the stressor has ended. This mechanism is stronger among girls than boys, increasing their vulnerability to a rumination reinforcing loop. Different profiles of depression emerge over time depending on initial levels of depressive symptoms, rumination, and stressors as well as the occurrence rate for stressors; levels of rumination and occurrence of stressors are stronger contributors to long-term depression. Our systems model is a steppingstone towards a more comprehensive understanding of depression in which reinforcing feedback mechanisms play a significant role. Future research is needed to expand this simulation model to incorporate other drivers of depression and provide a more holistic tool for studying depression.en
dc.description.sponsorshipThis article was supported by the National Institute of Mental Health of the National Institutes of Health award R21MH100515. AW obtained the funding. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.en
dc.format.extent18 pagesen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.citationHosseinichimeh N, Wittenborn AK, Rick J, Jalali MS, Rahmandad H (2018) Modeling and estimating the feedback mechanisms among depression, rumination, and stressors in adolescents. PLoS ONE 13(9): e0204389. https:// doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204389en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0204389en
dc.identifier.issue9en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/86766en
dc.identifier.volume13en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherPLOSen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.titleModeling and estimating the feedback mechanisms among depression, rumination, and stressors in adolescentsen
dc.title.serialPLOS ONEen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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Destination Area: Adaptive Brain and Behavior (ABB)
Scholarly Works, Industrial and Systems Engineering