Web-Based Guide to Health: Relationship of Theoretical Variables to Change in Physical Activity, Nutrition and Weight at 16-Months

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dc.contributor.authorAnderson-Bill, Eileen Smithen
dc.contributor.authorWinett, Richard A.en
dc.contributor.authorWojcik, Janet R.en
dc.contributor.authorWinett, Sheila G.en
dc.contributor.departmentPsychologyen
dc.date.accessioned2019-11-22T20:13:27Zen
dc.date.available2019-11-22T20:13:27Zen
dc.date.issued2011-01en
dc.description.abstractBackground: Evaluation of online health interventions should investigate the function of theoretical mechanisms of behavior change in this new milieu. Objectives: To expand our understanding of how Web-based interventions influence behavior, we examined how changes at 6 months in participants' psychosocial characteristics contributed to improvements at 16 months in nutrition, physical activity (PA), and weight management as a result of the online, social cognitive theory (SCT)-based Guide to Health intervention (WB-GTH). Methods: We conducted recruitment, enrollment, and assessments online with 272 of 655 (41.5%) participants enrolling in WB-GTH who also completed 6- and 16-month follow-up assessments. Participants' mean age was 43.68 years, 86% were female, 92% were white, mean education was 17.45 years, median income was US $85,000, 84% were overweight or obese, and 73% were inactive. Participants received one of two equally effective versions of WB-GTH. Structural equation analysis of theoretical models evaluated whether psychosocial constructs targeted by WB-GTH contributed to observed health behavior changes. Results: The longitudinal model provided good fit to the data (root mean square error of approximation < .05). Participants' weight loss at 16 months was predicted by improvements in their PA (beta(total) = -.34, P = .01), consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) (beta(total) = -.20, P = .03) and calorie intake (beta(total) = .15, P = .04). Improvements at 6 months in PA self-efficacy (beta(total) = -.10, P = .03), PA self-regulation (beta(total) = -.15, P = .01), nutrition social support (beta(total) = -.08, P = .03), and nutrition outcome expectations (beta(total) = .08, P =.03) also contributed to weight loss. WB-GTH users with increased social support (beta(total) =.26, P =.04), self-efficacy (beta(total) = .30, P = .01), and self-regulation (beta(total) = .45, P = .004) also exhibited improved PA levels. Decreased fat and sugar consumption followed improved social support (beta(total) = -.10, P = .02), outcome expectations (beta(total) = .15, P = .007), and self-regulation (beta(total) = -.14, P = .008). Decreased calorie intake followed increased social support (beta(total) = -.30, P < .001). Increased F& V intake followed improved self-efficacy (beta(total) = .20, P = .01), outcome expectations (beta(total) = -.29, P = .002), and self-regulation (beta(total) = .27, P = .009). Theorized indirect effects within SCT variables were also supported. Conclusions: The WB-GTH influenced behavior and weight loss in a manner largely consistent with SCT. Improving social support, self-efficacy, outcome expectations, and self-regulation, in varying combinations, led to healthier diet and exercise habits and concomitant weight loss. High initial levels of self-efficacy may be characteristic of Web-health users interested in online interventions and may alter the function of SCT in these programs. Researchers may find that, although increased self-efficacy enhances program outcomes, participants whose self-efficacy is tempered by online interventions may still benefit. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov NCT00128570; http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00128570 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/5vgcygBII)en
dc.description.sponsorshipNCI NIH HHSUnited States Department of Health & Human ServicesNational Institutes of Health (NIH) - USANIH National Cancer Institute (NCI) [R01 CA106250]en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1614en
dc.identifier.eissn1438-8871en
dc.identifier.issue1en
dc.identifier.othere27en
dc.identifier.pmid21447470en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/95849en
dc.identifier.volume13en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 2.0 Genericen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/en
dc.subjectInternet usersen
dc.subjectdietary habitsen
dc.subjectphysical activityen
dc.subjectpsychosocial aspectsen
dc.subjectSelf-efficacyen
dc.subjectsocial supporten
dc.subjectself-regulationen
dc.titleWeb-Based Guide to Health: Relationship of Theoretical Variables to Change in Physical Activity, Nutrition and Weight at 16-Monthsen
dc.title.serialJournal of Medical Internet Researchen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

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