Evaluation And Characterization of Herbicide Resistance In Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Biotypes To Diclofop-methyl And Alternative Management Options

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dc.contributor.authorMorozov, Ivan Vladimirovitchen
dc.contributor.committeechairHagood, Edward Scott Jr.en
dc.contributor.committeememberHipkins, Perry Lloyden
dc.contributor.committeememberBrann, Daniel E.en
dc.contributor.committeememberWilson, Henry P.en
dc.contributor.committeememberNessler, Craig L.en
dc.contributor.departmentPlant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Scienceen
dc.date.accessioned2011-08-22T19:00:56Zen
dc.date.adate2004-04-30en
dc.date.available2011-08-22T19:00:56Zen
dc.date.issued2004-03-29en
dc.date.rdate2007-04-30en
dc.date.sdate2004-04-28en
dc.description.abstractItalian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a competitive weed in small grain production areas throughout the northwestern and southeastern US. In small grains, Italian ryegrass has generally been controlled with postemergence treatments of diclofop, or diclofop-methyl, a member of the subfamily of the aromatic carboxylic acid family, the aryloxyphenoxypropionates. The first incidence of diclofop resistance in Italian ryegrass was reported in Virginia in 1995. Experiments to characterize diclofop resistance in several Virginia biotypes of Italian ryegrass included the following objectives: (1) evaluation of the presence of diclofop resistance in several Italian ryegrass biotypes collected across Virginia, (2) evaluation of alternative herbicide efficacy for diclofop resistant Italian ryegrass control, and (3) characterization of the aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP) resistance mechanism in resistant Italian ryegrass biotypes. The response of 32 biotypes to diclofop collected from various locations statewide with varying histories of diclofop applications confirmed diclofop resistance in Virginian Italian ryegrass populations. At 4-times the label-recommended application rate, only 50% of biotypes previously exposed to diclofop in a cropping situation were adequately controlled versus 94% of the biotypes not previously treated with diclofop. Tralkoxydim provided the most effective control of four of the biotypes. No postemergence treatment effectively controlled one biotype previously exposed to diclofop applications. Effective preemergence herbicide treatments for Italian ryegrass control in the greenhouse included acetochlor (two formulations) and flufenacet plus metribuzin. In the field, flufenacet plus metribuzin resulted in excellent Italian ryegrass control, little crop injury, and acceptable barley yields. Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) assays and herbicide absorption, translocation, and metabolism studies were conducted to investigate resistant mechanism(s) to two APP herbicides, diclofop and quizalofop. ACCase assays indicated no differences in enzyme activity between the two biotypes of Italian ryegrass evaluated. Furthermore, no significant differences in the specific activity of ACCase were detected between the two biotypes in the absence of diclofop. [14C]Quizalofop-P absorption, translocation, and metabolism did not differ between resistant and susceptible Italian ryegrass biotypes. Lack of a significant biotype effect suggests that differential metabolism does not explain the differential response to diclofop treatments observed in the herbicide dose-plant response experiment.en
dc.description.degreePh. D.en
dc.format.mediumETDen
dc.identifier.otheretd-04282004-221543en
dc.identifier.sourceurlhttp://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-04282004-221543en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/11154en
dc.publisherVirginia Techen
dc.relation.haspartpart7_Chapter_5.pdfen
dc.relation.haspartpart2_TableofContents.pdfen
dc.relation.haspartpart5_Chapter_3.pdfen
dc.relation.haspartpart8_Vita.pdfen
dc.relation.haspartpart3_Chapter_1.pdfen
dc.relation.haspartpart4_Chapter_2.pdfen
dc.relation.haspartpart6_Chapter_4.pdfen
dc.relation.haspartpart1_TitleAbstract.pdfen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectherbicide resistanceen
dc.subjectItalian ryegrassen
dc.subjectloliumen
dc.subjectpreemergenceen
dc.subjecttranslocationen
dc.subjectpostemergenceen
dc.subjectmetabolismen
dc.subjectdiclofopen
dc.subjectACCaseen
dc.subjectabsorptionen
dc.titleEvaluation And Characterization of Herbicide Resistance In Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Biotypes To Diclofop-methyl And Alternative Management Optionsen
dc.typeDissertationen
thesis.degree.disciplinePlant Pathology, Physiology, and Weed Scienceen
thesis.degree.grantorVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Universityen
thesis.degree.leveldoctoralen
thesis.degree.namePh. D.en

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