Changes in belowground biodiversity during ecosystem development

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dc.contributor.authorDelgado-Baquerizo, Manuelen
dc.contributor.authorBardgett, Richard D.en
dc.contributor.authorVitousek, Peter M.en
dc.contributor.authorMaestre, Fernando T.en
dc.contributor.authorWilliams, Mark A.en
dc.contributor.authorEldridge, David J.en
dc.contributor.authorLambers, Hansen
dc.contributor.authorNeuhauser, Sigriden
dc.contributor.authorGallardo, Antonioen
dc.contributor.authorGarcia-Velazquez, Lauraen
dc.contributor.authorSala, Osvaldo E.en
dc.contributor.authorAbades, Sebastian R.en
dc.contributor.authorAlfaro, Fernando D.en
dc.contributor.authorBerhe, Asmeret Asefawen
dc.contributor.authorBowker, Matthew A.en
dc.contributor.authorCurrier, Courtney M.en
dc.contributor.authorCutler, Nick A.en
dc.contributor.authorHart, Stephen C.en
dc.contributor.authorHayes, Patrick E.en
dc.contributor.authorHseu, Zeng-Yeien
dc.contributor.authorKirchmair, Martinen
dc.contributor.authorPena-Ramirez, Victor M.en
dc.contributor.authorPerez, Cecilia A.en
dc.contributor.authorReed, Sasha C.en
dc.contributor.authorSantos, Fernandaen
dc.contributor.authorSiebe, Christinaen
dc.contributor.authorSullivan, Benjamin W.en
dc.contributor.authorWeber-Grullon, Luisen
dc.contributor.authorFierer, Noahen
dc.date.accessioned2020-06-26T19:41:03Zen
dc.date.available2020-06-26T19:41:03Zen
dc.date.issued2019-04-02en
dc.description.abstractBelowground organisms play critical roles in maintaining multiple ecosystem processes, including plant productivity, decomposition, and nutrient cycling. Despite their importance, however, we have a limited understanding of how and why belowground biodiversity (bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates) may change as soils develop over centuries to millennia (pedogenesis). Moreover, it is unclear whether belowground biodiversity changes during pedogenesis are similar to the patterns observed for aboveground plant diversity. Here we evaluated the roles of resource availability, nutrient stoichiometry, and soil abiotic factors in driving belowground biodiversity across 16 soil chronosequences (from centuries to millennia) spanning a wide range of globally distributed ecosystem types. Changes in belowground biodiversity during pedogenesis followed two main patterns. In lower-productivity ecosystems (i.e., drier and colder), increases in belowground biodiversity tracked increases in plant cover. In more productive ecosystems (i.e., wetter and warmer), increased acidification during pedogenesis was associated with declines in belowground biodiversity. Changes in the diversity of bacteria, fungi, protists, and invertebrates with pedogenesis were strongly and positively correlated worldwide, highlighting that belowground biodiversity shares similar ecological drivers as soils and ecosystems develop. In general, temporal changes in aboveground plant diversity and belowground biodiversity were not correlated, challenging the common perception that belowground biodiversity should follow similar patterns to those of plant diversity during ecosystem development. Taken together, our findings provide evidence that ecological patterns in belowground biodiversity are predictable across major globally distributed ecosystem types and suggest that shifts in plant cover and soil acidification during ecosystem development are associated with changes in belowground biodiversity over centuries to millennia.en
dc.description.adminPublic domain – authored by a U.S. government employeeen
dc.description.notesThis project received funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant Agreement 702057. N.F. was supported through grants from the US National Science Foundation (EAR1331828, DEB 1556090). Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the US Government. An extended version of the acknowledgments is provided in SI Appendix.en
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Marie Sklodowska-Curie Grant [702057]; US National Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [EAR1331828, DEB 1556090]en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1818400116en
dc.identifier.issn0027-8424en
dc.identifier.issue14en
dc.identifier.pmid30877251en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/99151en
dc.identifier.volume116en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCC0 1.0 Universalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/en
dc.subjectsoil biodiversityen
dc.subjectecosystem developmenten
dc.subjectglobal scaleen
dc.subjectacidificationen
dc.subjectsoil chronosequencesen
dc.titleChanges in belowground biodiversity during ecosystem developmenten
dc.title.serialProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of Americaen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

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