Media impacts recovery of Salmonella enterica and Enterococcus faecium NRRL B2354 from whole black peppercorns, basil leaves, and chia seeds treated with antimicrobial gasses

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dc.contributor.authorGarcia, Jose O.en
dc.contributor.authorWason, Surabhien
dc.contributor.authorSubbiah, Jeyamkondanen
dc.contributor.authorEifert, Joseph D.en
dc.contributor.authorStrawn, Laura K.en
dc.contributor.authorPonder, Monica A.en
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-31T18:29:36Zen
dc.date.available2023-01-31T18:29:36Zen
dc.date.issued2022-11-09en
dc.date.updated2023-01-31T18:11:29Zen
dc.description.abstract<jats:p><jats:italic>Salmonella enterica</jats:italic> contamination of low water activity foods (LWAFs) has resulted in recalls of spices, herbs, and seeds and outbreaks of salmonellosis. To improve the safety of these ready-to-eat products, new treatment methods, including fumigation with chlorine dioxide (ClO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) or hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) gas are being explored, and effectiveness determined. To prevent overestimation of treatment effectiveness, it is vital that recovery methods should accurately quantify all viable cells, even those injured. This study evaluated different media and supplements for the recovery of multiple strains of <jats:italic>S. enterica</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Enterococcus faecium</jats:italic> NRRL B2354, from ClO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> or H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> treated black peppercorns, dried basil leaves, and chia seeds. Also, this study aimed to compare the log reduction of these two microorganisms to evaluate <jats:italic>E. faecium</jats:italic> NRRL B2354, as a surrogate for <jats:italic>S. enterica</jats:italic>. On average, recovery of <jats:italic>S. enterica</jats:italic> was improved by 1 log CFU from ClO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and H<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> treated LWAFs when a non-selective but differential media containing tryptic soy agar with yeast extract, ammonium iron citrate and sodium thiosulfate (MTSAYE) was used, when compared to plating on XLD (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). Furthermore, addition of sodium pyruvate, ferrous sulfate, or 3’3’-thiodiproionate supplements to MTSAYE did not show increased recovery of either <jats:italic>S. enterica</jats:italic> or <jats:italic>E. faecium</jats:italic> NRRL B2354 (<jats:italic>p</jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05). On each treatment and LWAF combination tested, there was no significant difference between the log reduction of <jats:italic>S. enterica</jats:italic> and <jats:italic>E. faecium</jats:italic> NRRL B2354, indicating its suitability as a surrogate under the test conditions.</jats:p>en
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.3389/frfst.2022.1033814en
dc.identifier.eissn2674-1121en
dc.identifier.issn2674-1121en
dc.identifier.orcidStrawn, Laura [0000-0002-9523-0081]en
dc.identifier.orcidEifert, Joseph [0000-0002-2542-2459]en
dc.identifier.orcidPonder, Monica [0000-0001-7047-3127]en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/113592en
dc.identifier.volume2en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherFrontiersen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectFoodborne Illnessen
dc.subjectEmerging Infectious Diseasesen
dc.titleMedia impacts recovery of <i>Salmonella enterica</i> and <i>Enterococcus faecium</i> NRRL B2354 from whole black peppercorns, basil leaves, and chia seeds treated with antimicrobial gassesen
dc.title.serialFrontiers in Food Science and Technologyen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/Food Science and Technologyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Agriculture & Life Sciences/CALS T&R Facultyen

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