Multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 509 VII. Relative abundances of the warm absorber

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dc.contributorVirginia Techen
dc.contributor.authorSteenbrugge, K. C.en
dc.contributor.authorKaastra, J. S.en
dc.contributor.authorDetmers, R. G.en
dc.contributor.authorEbrero, J.en
dc.contributor.authorPonti, G.en
dc.contributor.authorCostantini, E.en
dc.contributor.authorKriss, G. A.en
dc.contributor.authorMehdipour, M.en
dc.contributor.authorPinto, C.en
dc.contributor.authorBranduardi-Raymont, G.en
dc.contributor.authorBehar, E.en
dc.contributor.authorArav, Nahumen
dc.contributor.authorCappi, M.en
dc.contributor.authorBianchi, S.en
dc.contributor.authorPetrucci, P. O.en
dc.contributor.authorRatti, E. M.en
dc.contributor.authorHolczer, T.en
dc.contributor.departmentPhysicsen
dc.date.accessed2013-12-05en
dc.date.accessioned2013-12-06T13:58:48Zen
dc.date.available2013-12-06T13:58:48Zen
dc.date.issued2011-10en
dc.description.abstractContext. The study of abundances in the nucleus of active galaxies allows us to investigate the evolution of the abundance by comparing local and higher redshift galaxies. However, the methods used so far have substantial drawbacks or rather large uncertainties. Some of the measurements are at odds with the initial mass function derived from the older stellar population of local elliptical galaxies. Aims. We determine accurate and reliable abundances of C, N, Ne, and Fe relative to O from the narrow absorption lines observed in the X-ray spectra of Mrk 509. Methods. We use the stacked 600 ks XMM-Newton RGS and 180 ks Chandra LETGS spectra. Thanks to simultaneous observations with INTEGRAL and the optical monitor on-board XMM-Newton for the RGS observations and HST-COS and Swift for the LETGS observations, we have an individual spectral energy distribution for each dataset. Owing to the excellent quality of the RGS spectrum, the ionisation structure of the absorbing gas is well constrained, allowing for a reliable abundance determination using ions over the whole observed range of ionisation parameters. Results. We find that the relative abundances are consistent with the proto-solar abundance ratios: C/O = 1.19  ±  0.08, N/O = 0.98  ±  0.08, Ne/O = 1.11  ±  0.10, Mg/O = 0.68  ±  0.16, Si/O = 1.3  ±  0.6, Ca/O = 0.89  ±  0.25, and Fe/O = 0.85  ±  0.06, with the exception of S, which is slightly under-abundant, S/O = 0.57  ±  0.14. Our results, and their implications, are discussed and compared to the results obtained using other techniques to derive abundances in galaxies.en
dc.description.sponsorshipESA Members Statesen
dc.description.sponsorshipUSA (NASA)en
dc.description.sponsorshipComiten
dc.description.sponsorshipMixto ESO - Gobierno de Chileen
dc.description.sponsorshipNWO, the Netherlands Organization for Scientific Researchen
dc.description.sponsorshipISFen
dc.description.sponsorshipNASA/XMM-Newton NNX09AR01Gen
dc.description.sponsorshipUK Science & Technology Facilities Council (STFC)en
dc.description.sponsorshipNASA/Chandra GO0-11113Xen
dc.description.sponsorshipNASA/HST HST-GO-12022en
dc.description.sponsorshipfrench spatial agency CNESen
dc.description.sponsorshipfrench GDR PCHEen
dc.description.sponsorshipEU FP7PEOPLE-2009-IEF-254279en
dc.description.sponsorshipASI-INAF I/088/06/0en
dc.identifier.citationSteenbrugge, K. C. ; Kaastra, J. S. ; Detmers, R. G. ; et al., Oct. 2011. “Multiwavelength campaign on Mrk 509 VII. Relative abundances of the warm absorber,” ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS 534:A42. DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201117304en
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201117304en
dc.identifier.issn0004-6361en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/24440en
dc.identifier.urlhttp://www.aanda.org/articles/aa/pdf/2011/10/aa17304-11.pdfen
dc.language.isoen_USen
dc.publisherEDP Sciencesen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.subjectgalaxies: activeen
dc.subjectgalaxies: nucleien
dc.subjectgalaxies: Seyferten
dc.subjectX-rays: galaxiesen
dc.subjectgalaxies: abundancesen
dc.subjectquasars: individual: Mrk 509en
dc.subjectactive galactic nucleien
dc.subjectquasi-stellar objectsen
dc.subjectbroad absorption-lineen
dc.subjectgalaxy markarian 509en
dc.subjectx-ray spectroscopyen
dc.subjectxmm-newtonen
dc.subjectemission-lineen
dc.subjectchemical evolutionen
dc.subjectchandra-letgsen
dc.subjectelemental abundancesen
dc.subjectAstronomy & Astrophysicsen
dc.titleMultiwavelength campaign on Mrk 509 VII. Relative abundances of the warm absorberen
dc.title.serialAstronomy & Astrophysicsen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden

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