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Ice nucleation in a Gram-positive bacterium isolated from precipitation depends on a polyketide synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthetase

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dc.contributor.authorFailor, Kevin C.en
dc.contributor.authorLiu, Haijieen
dc.contributor.authorLlontop, Marco E. Mechanen
dc.contributor.authorLeBlanc, Sophieen
dc.contributor.authorEckshtain-Levi, Noamen
dc.contributor.authorSharma, Parulen
dc.contributor.authorReed, Austinen
dc.contributor.authorYang, Shuen
dc.contributor.authorTian, Longen
dc.contributor.authorLefevre, Christopheren
dc.contributor.authorMenguy, Nicolasen
dc.contributor.authorDu, Liangchengen
dc.contributor.authorMonteil, Caroline L.en
dc.contributor.authorVinatzer, Boris A.en
dc.date.accessioned2021-12-02T15:46:12Zen
dc.date.available2021-12-02T15:46:12Zen
dc.date.issued2021-10-23en
dc.description.abstractEarth's radiation budget and frequency and intensity of precipitation are influenced by aerosols with ice nucleation activity (INA), i.e., particles that catalyze the formation of ice. Some bacteria, fungi, and pollen are among the most efficient ice nucleators but the molecular basis of INA is poorly understood in most of them. Lysinibacillus parviboronicapiens (Lp) was previously identified as the first Gram-positive bacterium with INA. INA of Lp is associated with a secreted, nanometer-sized, non-proteinaceous macromolecule or particle. Here a combination of comparative genomics, transcriptomics, and a mutant screen showed that INA in Lp depends on a type I iterative polyketide synthase and a non-ribosomal peptide synthetase (PKS-NRPS). Differential filtration in combination with gradient ultracentrifugation revealed that the product of the PKS-NRPS is associated with secreted particles of a density typical of extracellular vesicles and electron microscopy showed that these particles consist in "pearl chain"-like structures not resembling any other known bacterial structures. These findings expand our knowledge of biological INA, may be a model for INA in other organisms for which the molecular basis of INA is unknown, and present another step towards unraveling the role of microbes in atmospheric processes.en
dc.description.notesThis study was supported by the National Science Foundation (IOS-1754721). Funding to Boris A. Vinatzer was also provided in part by the Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station and the Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture. We would like to thank Kate Costello, Nakysa Kheirandish, Michelle Zambrano, and Nnanna Onyekaba for help with the droplet freezing assays.en
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Science FoundationNational Science Foundation (NSF) [IOS-1754721]; Virginia Agricultural Experiment Station; Hatch Program of the National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agricultureen
dc.description.versionPublished versionen
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01140-4en
dc.identifier.eissn1751-7370en
dc.identifier.issn1751-7362en
dc.identifier.pmid34689184en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/106815en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.titleIce nucleation in a Gram-positive bacterium isolated from precipitation depends on a polyketide synthase and non-ribosomal peptide synthetaseen
dc.title.serialISME Journalen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten

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