Review of Passive Systems for Acid Mine Drainage Treatment

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dc.contributor.authorSkousen, Jeffrey G.en
dc.contributor.authorZipper, Carl E.en
dc.contributor.authorRose, Arthuren
dc.contributor.authorZiemkiewicz, Paul F.en
dc.contributor.authorNairn, Roberten
dc.contributor.authorMcDonald, Louis M.en
dc.contributor.authorKleinmann, Robert L.en
dc.contributor.departmentSchool of Plant and Environmental Sciencesen
dc.date.accessioned2019-10-08T12:57:47Zen
dc.date.available2019-10-08T12:57:47Zen
dc.date.issued2017-03en
dc.description.abstractWhen appropriately designed and maintained, passive systems can provide long-term, efficient, and effective treatment for many acid mine drainage (AMD) sources. Passive AMD treatment relies on natural processes to neutralize acidity and to oxidize or reduce and precipitate metal contaminants. Passive treatment is most suitable for small to moderate AMD discharges of appropriate chemistry, but periodic inspection and maintenance plus eventual renovation are generally required. Passive treatment technologies can be separated into biological and geochemical types. Biological passive treatment technologies generally rely on bacterial activity, and may use organic matter to stimulate microbial sulfate reduction and to adsorb contaminants; constructed wetlands, vertical flow wetlands, and bioreactors are all examples. Geochemical systems place alkalinity-generating materials such as limestone in contact with AMD (direct treatment) or with fresh water up-gradient of the AMD. Most passive treatment systems employ multiple methods, often in series, to promote acid neutralization and oxidation and precipitation of the resulting metal flocs. Before selecting an appropriate treatment technology, the AMD conditions and chemistry must be characterized. Flow, acidity and alkalinity, metal, and dissolved oxygen concentrations are critical parameters. This paper reviews the current state of passive system technology development, provides results for various system types, and provides guidance for sizing and effective operation.en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1007/s10230-016-0417-1en
dc.identifier.eissn1616-1068en
dc.identifier.issn1025-9112en
dc.identifier.issue1en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/94394en
dc.identifier.volume36en
dc.language.isoenen
dc.rightsCreative Commons Attribution 4.0 Internationalen
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/en
dc.subjectAnoxic limestone drainsen
dc.subjectBioreactorsen
dc.subjectLimestone leach bedsen
dc.subjectLow-pH Fe oxidation channelsen
dc.subjectOpen limestone channelsen
dc.subjectWetlandsen
dc.titleReview of Passive Systems for Acid Mine Drainage Treatmenten
dc.title.serialMine Water And The Environmenten
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.dcmitypeStillImageen

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