Differences in Final /z/ Realization in Southwest and Northern Virginia

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dc.contributor.authorHargrave, Rachelen
dc.contributor.authorSouthall, Amyen
dc.contributor.authorWalker, Abbyen
dc.coverage.countryUnited Statesen
dc.coverage.stateVirginiaen
dc.date.accessioned2023-01-26T15:55:34Zen
dc.date.available2023-01-26T15:55:34Zen
dc.date.issued2022-08-01en
dc.date.updated2023-01-26T11:22:20Zen
dc.description.abstract<jats:p>Two apparently contradictory observations have been made about consonantal voicing in Southern U.S. English: compared to other U.S. varieties, Southern speakers produce more voicing on “voiced” stops, but they also “devoice” word-final /z/ at higher rates. In this article, regional differences in final /z/ realization within Virginia are investigated. Thirty-six students from Southwest and Northern Virginia were recorded completing tasks designed to elicit /z/-final tokens. Tokens were acoustically analyzed for duration and voicing; they were also automatically categorized as being [z] or [s] using an HTK forced aligner. At the surface level, the two approaches yield incompatible results: the single acoustic measures suggest that the Southwest Virginians produce more [z]-like /z/ tokens than the Northern Virginians, and the aligner finds that the Southern-identifying participants produce the most [s]-like tokens. However, both analyses converge on the importance of following environment: the Southwest Virginians are relatively least voiced prepausally and more voiced in other environments. These combined findings confirm previous work showing that Southern “voiced” consonants generally have more voicing than other regional U.S. varieties but also suggest that the dialect may exhibit greater phrase-final fortition. There are also differences within Southwest Virginian speakers based on differences in their rurality or in their orientation to the South.</jats:p>en
dc.description.notesCo-authors were VT undergraduates for most of projecten
dc.description.versionAccepted versionen
dc.format.extentPages 311-344en
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdfen
dc.identifier.doihttps://doi.org/10.1215/00031283-9308362en
dc.identifier.eissn1527-2133en
dc.identifier.issn0003-1283en
dc.identifier.issue3en
dc.identifier.orcidWalker, Abby [0000-0001-8335-4557]en
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/10919/113448en
dc.identifier.volume97en
dc.languageenen
dc.language.isoenen
dc.publisherDuke University Pressen
dc.rightsIn Copyrighten
dc.rights.urihttp://rightsstatements.org/vocab/InC/1.0/en
dc.titleDifferences in Final /z/ Realization in Southwest and Northern Virginiaen
dc.title.serialAmerican Speechen
dc.typeArticle - Refereeden
dc.type.dcmitypeTexten
dc.type.otherArticleen
dcterms.dateAccepted2021-03-12en
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Techen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/All T&R Facultyen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Liberal Arts and Human Sciencesen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Liberal Arts and Human Sciences/Englishen
pubs.organisational-group/Virginia Tech/Liberal Arts and Human Sciences/CLAHS T&R Facultyen

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