Noncanonical Reactions of Flavoenzymes

Files

TR Number

Date

2012-11-05

Journal Title

Journal ISSN

Volume Title

Publisher

MDPI

Abstract

Enzymes containing flavin cofactors are predominantly involved in redox reactions in numerous cellular processes where the protein environment modulates the chemical reactivity of the flavin to either transfer one or two electrons. Some flavoenzymes catalyze reactions with no net redox change. In these reactions, the protein environment modulates the reactivity of the flavin to perform novel chemistries. Recent mechanistic and structural data supporting novel flavin functionalities in reactions catalyzed by chorismate synthase, type II isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase, UDP-galactopyranose mutase, and alkyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase are presented in this review. In these enzymes, the flavin plays either a direct role in acid/base reactions or as a nucleophile or electrophile. In addition, the flavin cofactor is proposed to function as a “molecular scaffold” in the formation of UDP-galactofuranose and alkyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate by forming a covalent adduct with reaction intermediates.

Description

Keywords

flavoenyzmes, chorismate synthase, type II isopentenyl diphosphate/dimethylallyl diphosphate isomerase, UDP-galactopyranose mutase, alkyl-dihydroxyacetonephosphate synthase, non-redox reaction, novel function

Citation

Sobrado, P. Noncanonical Reactions of Flavoenzymes. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2012, 13, 14219-14242.